Apocynum cannabinum (Bitterroot)

Traditional uses

US(Blackfoot)

  • Alopecia
  • Fever
  • Laxative
  • Tonic

Turkey

  • Cardiac
  • Diuretic
  • Dropsy
  • Expectorant
  • Malaria
  • Emetic
  • Sudorific

Elsewhere

  • Cardiotonic
  • Diaphoretic
  • Expectorant
  • Emetic

US

  • Cardiotonic
  • Cathartic
  • Diaphoretic
  • Diuretic
  • Dropsy
  • Dysentery
  • Dyspepsia
  • Emetic
  • Expectorant
  • Fever
  • Inflammation
  • Intestine
  • Purgative
  • Vermifuge
  • Asthma
  • Laxative
  • Pneumonia
  • Poison

Tradition unspecified

  • Condyloma
  • Wart

US(Amerindian)

  • Masticatory

Chemicals

Root

  • APOCANNOSIDE
  • CANNOGENIN
  • CYNOCANNOSIDE
  • HOMOANDROSTEROL
  • OLEANOLIC-ACID
  • K-STROPHANTHIN
  • CYMARIN
  • LUPEOL
  • ALPHA-AMYRIN
  • HARMALOL
  • ANDROSTEROL
  • P-OXYACETOPHENONE

Plant

  • RESIN
  • TANNIN
  • STROPHANTHIN-CYMAROSIDE
  • CYMAROL

Seed

  • FAT — 226000 to 238000
  • PROTEIN — 287000 to 331000

Activities

  1. Antitumor — 5 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN, APOCANNOSIDE, LUPEOL, OLEANOLIC-ACID, TANNIN
  2. Pesticide — 4 compounds; CYMARIN, HARMALOL, LUPEOL, TANNIN
  3. Antibacterial — 3 compounds; HARMALOL, OLEANOLIC-ACID, TANNIN
  4. Anticarcinomic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; APOCANNOSIDE, CYMARIN, OLEANOLIC-ACID
  5. Antiedemic — 3 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN, LUPEOL, OLEANOLIC-ACID
  6. Antiinflammatory — 3 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN, LUPEOL, OLEANOLIC-ACID
  7. Antioxidant — 3 compounds; LUPEOL, OLEANOLIC-ACID, TANNIN
  8. Antiulcer — 3 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN, OLEANOLIC-ACID, TANNIN
  9. Antiviral — 3 compounds; LUPEOL, OLEANOLIC-ACID, TANNIN
  10. Cytotoxic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; ALPHA-AMYRIN, HARMALOL, LUPEOL
  11. Hepatoprotective — 3 compounds; toxic activity; ALPHA-AMYRIN, OLEANOLIC-ACID, TANNIN
  12. Anticariogenic — 2 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID, TANNIN
  13. Antihepatotoxic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; OLEANOLIC-ACID, TANNIN
  14. AntiHIV — 2 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID, TANNIN
  15. Antimalarial — 2 compounds; LUPEOL, OLEANOLIC-ACID
  16. Antinephritic — 2 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID, TANNIN
  17. Antiperoxidant — 2 compounds; LUPEOL, OLEANOLIC-ACID
  18. Cancer-Preventive — 2 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID, TANNIN
  19. Cardiac — 2 compounds; APOCANNOSIDE, CYMAROL
  20. Cardiotonic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; CYMARIN, OLEANOLIC-ACID
  21. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID, TANNIN
  22. Hypotensive — 2 compounds; LUPEOL, OLEANOLIC-ACID
  23. Abortifacient — 1 compounds; toxic activity; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  24. Analgesic — 1 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN
  25. Anthelmintic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  26. Antiallergic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  27. Antiangiogenic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  28. Antiarrhythmic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  29. Antiatherosclerotic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  30. Anticancer — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  31. Anticomplement — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  32. Antidiarrheic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  33. Antidysenteric — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  34. AntiEBV — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  35. Antifertility — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  36. Antiflu — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  37. Antigingivitic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  38. Antihyperglycemic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  39. Antihyperlipidemic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  40. Antihypertensive — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  41. Antiischemic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  42. Antileukemic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  43. Antileukotriene — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  44. Antilipolytic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  45. Antilithic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  46. Antimitotic — 1 compounds; HARMALOL
  47. Antimutagenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; TANNIN
  48. Antinociceptive — 1 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN
  49. Antiophidic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  50. Antioxalate — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  51. Antiperiodontic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  52. AntiPGE2 — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  53. Antiplaque — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  54. Antiplasmodial — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  55. Antiprostaglandin — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  56. Antiradicular — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  57. Antirenitic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  58. Antirheumatic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  59. Antisarcomic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  60. Antiseptic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  61. AntiTGF-beta — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  62. Antitumor (Breast) — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  63. Antitumor (Colon) — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  64. Antitumor (Kidney) — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  65. Antitumor (Lung) — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  66. Antitumor (Pancreas) — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  67. Antitumor-Promoter — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  68. Antiurethrotic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  69. Aphrodisiac — 1 compounds; HARMALOL
  70. Aromatase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  71. Beta-Blocker — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  72. Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  73. Carcinogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; TANNIN
  74. Cardioprotective — 1 compounds; toxic activity; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  75. Chelator — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  76. CNS-Stimulant — 1 compounds; HARMALOL
  77. COX-2-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  78. Desmutagenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; HARMALOL
  79. Diuretic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  80. Elastase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  81. FPTase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  82. Gastroprotective — 1 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN
  83. Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  84. Hypolipemic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  85. Immunomodulator — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  86. Immunosuppressant — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  87. Insectifuge — 1 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN
  88. Leucocytogenic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  89. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  90. MAO-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  91. Myocardiotonic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; CYMARIN
  92. Myotonic — 1 compounds; CYMARIN
  93. NF-kB-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  94. Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  95. Phagocytotic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  96. Piscicide — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  97. Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  98. Psychotropic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  99. Sedative — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  100. TOPO-2-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  101. Uterotonic — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  102. Vasodilator — 1 compounds; CYMARIN
  103. Vasopressor — 1 compounds; OLEANOLIC-ACID
  104. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN

Toxic compounds

  • ALPHA-AMYRIN — Cytotoxic; Root; 50-400
  • ALPHA-AMYRIN — Hepatoprotective; Root
  • APOCANNOSIDE — Anticarcinomic; Root; ED50=37 ppb
  • CYMARIN — Anticarcinomic; Root; ED50=3.9 ppb
  • CYMARIN — Cardiotonic; Root
  • CYMARIN — Myocardiotonic; Root
  • HARMALOL — Cytotoxic; Root
  • HARMALOL — Desmutagenic; Root
  • LUPEOL — Cytotoxic; Root; 50-500 ppm
  • OLEANOLIC-ACID — Abortifacient; Root
  • OLEANOLIC-ACID — Anticarcinomic; Root
  • OLEANOLIC-ACID — Antihepatotoxic; Root
  • OLEANOLIC-ACID — Cardioprotective; Root; 40 mg/kg
  • OLEANOLIC-ACID — Cardiotonic; Root
  • OLEANOLIC-ACID — Hepatoprotective; Root
  • TANNIN — Antihepatotoxic; Plant
  • TANNIN — Antimutagenic; Plant
  • TANNIN — Carcinogenic; Plant
  • TANNIN — Hepatoprotective; Plant