Arundo donax (Giant Reed)

Traditional uses

Haiti

  • Antilactogogue
  • Diuretic
  • Hypotension
  • Syphilis
  • Hypertension

Italy

  • Cancer

Spain

  • Diuretic

Turkey

  • Diuretic
  • Hypotension
  • Sudorific

Iraq

  • Hypertension

Chemicals

Plant

  • ALKALOIDS — 5000
  • ASH — 92000 to 150000
  • CALCIUM — 4900
  • CARBOHYDRATES — 699000 to 777000
  • DONAXARIDINE
  • FAT — 11000 to 13000
  • GLUCOSE
  • 2-O-(4-O-METHYL-ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE-URONIC-A.)-D-XYLOSE
  • 5-METHOXY-N-METHYLTRYPTAMINE
  • PHOSPHORUS — 1100
  • POTASSIUM — 25500
  • PROTEIN — 69000 to 132000
  • BETA-SITOSTEROL
  • STIGMASTEROL
  • TRIACONTANE
  • TRICIN
  • TRIACONTANOL
  • FIBER — 285000 to 375000
  • GRAMINE-N-OXIDE — 700

Leaf

  • ALPHA-AMYRIN-ACETATE
  • BUFOTENINE
  • FLAVONE-C-GLYCOSIDES
  • LUPEOL
  • BETA-AMYRIN-ACETATE
  • CAMPESTEROL
  • N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE
  • FRIEDELIN

Stem

  • L-ARABINO-D-GLUCURONO-D-XYLAN
  • L-ARABINOSE
  • CELLULOSE — 446000 to 503000
  • GALACTOSE
  • GLUCURONIC-ACID
  • XYLOSE
  • ASH — 42000
  • FAT — 30000
  • LIGNIN — 157000 to 227000
  • PENTOSANS — 251000
  • RESIN

Flower

  • 3,3'-BIS(INDOLYL-METHYL)-DIMETHYL-AMMONIUM-HYDROXIDE
  • N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINE-METHOHYDROXIDE
  • ELEAGNINE
  • GRAMINE-METHOHYDROXIDE

Rhizome

  • DONAXERINE
  • BUFOTENIDINE
  • DEHYDROBUFOTENINE
  • DONAXINE
  • GRAMINE

Activities

  1. Antioxidant — 7 compounds; BETA-AMYRIN-ACETATE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CAMPESTEROL, LIGNIN, LUPEOL, STIGMASTEROL, TRICIN
  2. Antiinflammatory — 6 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN-ACETATE, BETA-AMYRIN-ACETATE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, FRIEDELIN, LUPEOL, STIGMASTEROL
  3. Hypocholesterolemic — 6 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, CALCIUM, CAMPESTEROL, FIBER, LIGNIN, STIGMASTEROL
  4. Pesticide — 6 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, DONAXERINE, GRAMINE, LIGNIN, LUPEOL, TRICIN
  5. Hypotensive — 5 compounds; BUFOTENIDINE, CALCIUM, FIBER, LUPEOL, POTASSIUM
  6. Antitumor — 4 compounds; FIBER, LIGNIN, LUPEOL, TRICIN
  7. Antiviral — 4 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, LIGNIN, LUPEOL, STIGMASTEROL
  8. Diuretic — 4 compounds; CALCIUM, FIBER, FRIEDELIN, POTASSIUM
  9. Antiarrhythmic — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, GRAMINE, POTASSIUM
  10. Antiedemic — 3 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, GLUCOSE, LUPEOL
  11. Antihepatotoxic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; GLUCOSE, GLUCURONIC-ACID, STIGMASTEROL
  12. Antihypertensive — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, FIBER, POTASSIUM
  13. Antinociceptive — 3 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN-ACETATE, BETA-AMYRIN-ACETATE, STIGMASTEROL
  14. Anxiolytic — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM
  15. Cancer-Preventive — 3 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, FIBER, STIGMASTEROL
  16. Estrogenic — 3 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, STIGMASTEROL, TRICIN
  17. Laxative — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, FIBER, LIGNIN
  18. Vasodilator — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, FIBER, POTASSIUM
  19. Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker — 2 compounds; FIBER, POTASSIUM
  20. Antibacterial — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, LIGNIN
  21. Antidepressant — 2 compounds; CALCIUM, POTASSIUM
  22. Antidiabetic — 2 compounds; FIBER, XYLOSE
  23. Antifeedant — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, GRAMINE
  24. Antileukemic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, TRICIN
  25. Antiobesity — 2 compounds; CALCIUM, FIBER
  26. Antiophidic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, STIGMASTEROL
  27. Antiosteoporotic — 2 compounds; CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS
  28. Antiprostaglandin — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, LUPEOL
  29. Antirheumatic — 2 compounds; CALCIUM, LUPEOL
  30. Artemicide — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, STIGMASTEROL
  31. Beta-Blocker — 2 compounds; FIBER, POTASSIUM
  32. Cardioprotective — 2 compounds; toxic activity; FIBER, POTASSIUM
  33. Insecticide — 2 compounds; DONAXERINE, GRAMINE
  34. Acetylcholinergic — 1 compounds; GLUCOSE
  35. Allelopathic — 1 compounds; TRICIN
  36. Androgenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  37. Angiogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  38. Anorexic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  39. Antiadenomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  40. Antiallergic — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  41. Antialzheimeran? — 1 compounds; BUFOTENINE
  42. Antiandrogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  43. Antiangiogenic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  44. Antianxiety — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  45. Antiarthritic — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  46. Antiatherosclerotic — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  47. Anticancer — 1 compounds; LIGNIN
  48. Anticancer (Breast) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  49. Anticancer (Cervix) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  50. Anticancer (Lung) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  51. Anticariogenic — 1 compounds; TRICIN
  52. Anticholinesterase — 1 compounds; BUFOTENINE
  53. Anticlimacteric — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  54. Anticonvulsant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-AMYRIN-ACETATE
  55. Anticoronary — 1 compounds; LIGNIN
  56. Antidermatitic? — 1 compounds; toxic activity; TRIACONTANOL
  57. Antidiarrheic — 1 compounds; LIGNIN
  58. Antidote (Aluminum) — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  59. Antidote (Camphor) — 1 compounds; GLUCURONIC-ACID
  60. Antidote (Lead) — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  61. Antidote (Morphine) — 1 compounds; GLUCURONIC-ACID
  62. AntiEBV — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  63. Antiestrogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  64. Antifatigue — 1 compounds; POTASSIUM
  65. Antifertility — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  66. Antiflu — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  67. Antigonadotrophic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  68. Antiherpetic? — 1 compounds; TRIACONTANOL
  69. AntiHIV — 1 compounds; LIGNIN
  70. Antihyperglycemic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  71. Antihyperkinetic — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  72. Antihyperlipoproteinaemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  73. Antiinflammatory? — 1 compounds; TRIACONTANOL
  74. Antiinsomniac — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  75. Antiketotic — 1 compounds; GLUCOSE
  76. Antilithic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  77. Antilymphomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  78. Antimalarial — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  79. Antimenopausal — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  80. Antimutagenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  81. Antinitrosaminic — 1 compounds; LIGNIN
  82. Antioxalate — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  83. Antiperiodontitic — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  84. Antiperoxidant — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  85. AntiPMS — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  86. Antiprogestational — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  87. Antiprostatadenomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  88. Antiprostatitic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  89. Antipyretic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  90. Antispasmodic — 1 compounds; POTASSIUM
  91. Antistress — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  92. Antistroke — 1 compounds; POTASSIUM
  93. Antitic — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  94. Antitumor (Breast) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  95. Antitumor (Cervix) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  96. Antitumor (Lung) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  97. Antiulcer — 1 compounds; FIBER
  98. Antiurethrotic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  99. Antivaricose — 1 compounds; GLUCOSE
  100. Aphrodisiac — 1 compounds; BUFOTENINE
  101. Apoptotic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  102. Calcium-Channel-Blocker — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  103. Candidicide — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  104. Cardiotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; POTASSIUM
  105. Cardiovascular — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BUFOTENINE
  106. Caspase-8-Inducer — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  107. Catabolic — 1 compounds; TRICIN
  108. Chelator — 1 compounds; LIGNIN
  109. CNS-Active — 1 compounds; BUFOTENINE
  110. Cytotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; LUPEOL
  111. Detoxicant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; GLUCURONIC-ACID
  112. Diagnostic — 1 compounds; XYLOSE
  113. Dye — 1 compounds; XYLOSE
  114. Febrifuge — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  115. FPTase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  116. Gonadotrophic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  117. Hallucinogenic — 1 compounds; BUFOTENINE
  118. Hemostat — 1 compounds; CELLULOSE
  119. Hepatoprotective — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  120. Herbistat — 1 compounds; TRICIN
  121. Hyperglycemic — 1 compounds; GLUCOSE
  122. Hypertensive — 1 compounds; BUFOTENINE
  123. Hypoglycemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  124. Hypolipidemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  125. Hypouricemic — 1 compounds; FIBER
  126. Immunostimulant — 1 compounds; PHOSPHORUS
  127. Memory-Enhancer — 1 compounds; GLUCOSE
  128. Mydriatic — 1 compounds; BUFOTENINE
  129. Osteogenic — 1 compounds; PHOSPHORUS
  130. Ovulant — 1 compounds; STIGMASTEROL
  131. Respiraparalytic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BUFOTENINE
  132. Sedative — 1 compounds; STIGMASTEROL
  133. Serotoninergic — 1 compounds; BUFOTENINE
  134. Spermicide — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  135. Sweetener — 1 compounds; GALACTOSE
  136. TOPO-2-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
  137. Tranquilizer — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
  138. Ubiquiot — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  139. Ulcerogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
  140. Vasopressor — 1 compounds; GRAMINE

Toxic compounds

  • BETA-AMYRIN-ACETATE — Anticonvulsant; Leaf
  • BETA-SITOSTEROL — Antimutagenic; Plant; 250 ug/ml
  • BETA-SITOSTEROL — Hepatoprotective; Plant
  • BUFOTENINE — Cardiovascular; Leaf; 0.1 ipr rat
  • BUFOTENINE — Respiraparalytic; Leaf
  • FIBER — Cardioprotective; Plant
  • GLUCOSE — Antihepatotoxic; Plant
  • GLUCURONIC-ACID — Antihepatotoxic; Stem
  • GLUCURONIC-ACID — Detoxicant; Stem
  • LUPEOL — Cytotoxic; Leaf; 50-500 ppm
  • POTASSIUM — Cardioprotective; Plant; 3,000-5,000 mg
  • POTASSIUM — Cardiotoxic; Plant; 18,000 mg/man/day
  • STIGMASTEROL — Antihepatotoxic; Plant
  • TRIACONTANOL — Antidermatitic?; Plant