Carya ovata (Shagbark Hickory)

Traditional uses

US(Appalachia)

• Intoxicant

Chemicals

Seed

• ALUMINUM — 2.6
• BARIUM — 0.1
• BROMINE — 1.8
• CHROMIUM — 1.6
• COBALT — 0.2
• GOLD — 0.001
• LEAD — 0.4
• MOLYBDENUM — 0.1
• SAMARIUM — 0.05
• SELENIUM — 0.02
• THORIUM — 0.3
• TIN — 3.2
• VANADIUM — 0.01
• IRON — 32
• SCANDIUM — 0.004
• CALCIUM — 1095
• CHLORINE — 71
• SILICON — 1180
• ARSENIC — 0.02
• BORON — 8.5
• CESIUM — 0.1
• COPPER — 7.8
• FLUORINE — 1.3
• LANTHANUM — 0.03
• MAGNESIUM — 900
• POTASSIUM — 5361
• SODIUM — 2.8
• TITANIUM — 4.3
• ANTIMONY — 0.1
• CADMIUM — 0.08
• EUROPIUM — 0.02
• HAFNIUM — 0.1
• MANGANESE — 58
• RUBIDIUM — 4
• STRONTIUM — 2.5
• TUNGSTEN — 0.04
• ZINC — 46
• SULFUR — 2180
• IODINE — 0.1
• NICKEL — 9.8
• TANTALUM — 0.04
• YTTERBIUM — 0.1
• LUTETIUM — 0.01

Shoot

• BARIUM — 12 to 1800
• CERIUM — 4 to 63
• COPPER — 1.25 to 45
• FLUORINE — 0 to 0.009
• IODINE — 2 to 5
• IRON — 12.5 to 45
• LANTHANUM — 1.7 to 90
• LITHIUM — 0.115 to 11.7
• MAGNESIUM — 125 to 21600
• MOLYBDENUM — 0 to 18
• NEODYMIUM — 0 to 13.5
• PHOSPHORUS — 110 to 1620
• SILICON — 172 to 2250
• SODIUM — 5 to 270
• ZINC — 7 to 342
• ZIRCONIUM — 0.5 to 2.7
• COBALT — 0 to 13.5
• NICKEL — 0.25 to 23
• BORON — 2 to 63
• STRONTIUM — 12 to 900
• TITANIUM — 0.7 to 45
• YTTRIUM — 0.5 to 13.5
• CADMIUM — 0 to 3
• CHROMIUM — 0.05 to 2.7
• LEAD — 0.7 to 46
• MANGANESE — 37 to 2700
• RUBIDIUM — 18 to 192
• ASH — 25000 to 90000
• CALCIUM — 5250 to 33300
• POTASSIUM — 550 to 14400
• YTTERBIUM — 0.05 to 0.9

Seed Oil

• LECITHIN — 5000
• PHYTOSTEROLS — 3000

Stem Bark

• BETULIN
• BETULINIC-ACID

Activities

1. Antiarthritic — 8 compounds; CALCIUM, COPPER, GOLD, MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, SELENIUM, SULFUR, ZINC
2. Antiosteoporotic — 8 compounds; BORON, CALCIUM, COPPER, MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, PHOSPHORUS, SILICON, ZINC
3. Hypocholesterolemic — 7 compounds; CALCIUM, CHROMIUM, COPPER, LECITHIN, MAGNESIUM, PHYTOSTEROLS, VANADIUM
4. Pesticide — 7 compounds; ALUMINUM, ARSENIC, CHLORINE, SELENIUM, SULFUR, TIN, ZINC
5. Antidiabetic — 6 compounds; CHROMIUM, COPPER, MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, VANADIUM, ZINC
6. Antisyndrome-X — 6 compounds; CHROMIUM, MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, SELENIUM, VANADIUM, ZINC
7. Cardioprotective — 6 compounds; toxic activity; CHROMIUM, COPPER, MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM, SELENIUM, SILICON
8. Hypotensive — 6 compounds; CALCIUM, CHROMIUM, MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM, VANADIUM, ZINC
9. Antiacne — 5 compounds; CHROMIUM, SELENIUM, SULFUR, TIN, ZINC
10. Antiatherosclerotic — 5 compounds; CALCIUM, CHROMIUM, MAGNESIUM, SELENIUM, VANADIUM
11. Antidepressant — 5 compounds; CALCIUM, LITHIUM, MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM, SELENIUM
12. Antiviral — 5 compounds; BETULIN, BETULINIC-ACID, CHLORINE, IODINE, LITHIUM
13. Anxiolytic — 5 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM, SELENIUM
14. Immunomodulator — 5 compounds; CHROMIUM, COPPER, MAGNESIUM, SELENIUM, ZINC
15. Antibacterial — 4 compounds; BETULINIC-ACID, CHLORINE, IODINE, TIN
16. Antifatigue — 4 compounds; CHROMIUM, COPPER, MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM
17. AntiHIV — 4 compounds; BETULIN, BETULINIC-ACID, SELENIUM, ZINC
18. Antiinflammatory — 4 compounds; BETULIN, BETULINIC-ACID, COPPER, MAGNESIUM
19. AntiPMS — 4 compounds; CALCIUM, LITHIUM, MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE
20. Antiseptic — 4 compounds; CHLORINE, IODINE, SULFUR, ZINC
21. Nephrotoxic — 4 compounds; toxic activity; CADMIUM, GOLD, LITHIUM, VANADIUM
22. Antialcoholic — 3 compounds; MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, ZINC
23. Antianemic — 3 compounds; COPPER, IRON, MANGANESE
24. Antiarrhythmic — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM
25. Anticlimacteric — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, SELENIUM
26. Anticoronary — 3 compounds; MAGNESIUM, SELENIUM, ZINC
27. Antidandruff — 3 compounds; SELENIUM, SULFUR, ZINC
28. Antiepileptic — 3 compounds; MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, ZINC
29. Antihypertensive — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM
30. Antiinsomniac — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, ZINC
31. Antimanic — 3 compounds; LECITHIN, LITHIUM, VANADIUM
32. Antimenopausal — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, SELENIUM
33. Antiobesity — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, CHROMIUM, ZINC
34. Antiosteoarthritic — 3 compounds; BORON, SELENIUM, SULFUR
35. Antirheumatic — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, SELENIUM, ZINC
36. Antitumor — 3 compounds; BETULIN, BETULINIC-ACID, SELENIUM
37. Diuretic — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM
38. Fungicide — 3 compounds; CHLORINE, IODINE, SELENIUM
39. Hypoglycemic — 3 compounds; CHROMIUM, MANGANESE, VANADIUM
40. Immunostimulant — 3 compounds; PHOSPHORUS, SELENIUM, ZINC
41. Insulinogenic — 3 compounds; CHROMIUM, MAGNESIUM, ZINC
42. Laxative — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, SULFUR
43. Vasodilator — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM
44. Analgesic — 2 compounds; SELENIUM, ZINC
45. Anorexic — 2 compounds; ARSENIC, SELENIUM
46. Antiaggregant — 2 compounds; MAGNESIUM, SELENIUM
47. Antialzheimeran — 2 compounds; LECITHIN, ZINC
48. Antiangiogenic — 2 compounds; SELENIUM, ZINC
49. Antianxiety — 2 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM
50. Antiasthmatic — 2 compounds; MAGNESIUM, SELENIUM
51. Anticanker — 2 compounds; IRON, ZINC
52. Anticarcinomic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; BETULIN, BETULINIC-ACID
53. Anticataract — 2 compounds; SELENIUM, ZINC
54. AntiCFS — 2 compounds; CHROMIUM, MAGNESIUM
55. Anticirrhotic — 2 compounds; LECITHIN, SELENIUM
56. Antidementia — 2 compounds; LECITHIN, ZINC
57. Antidote (Lead) — 2 compounds; CALCIUM, CHROMIUM
58. Antidyskinetic — 2 compounds; LECITHIN, MANGANESE
59. Antieczemic — 2 compounds; LECITHIN, ZINC
60. Antifibrotic — 2 compounds; SELENIUM, ZINC
61. Antihyperkinetic — 2 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM
62. Antiinfertility — 2 compounds; VANADIUM, ZINC
63. Antileukemic — 2 compounds; BETULINIC-ACID, SELENIUM
64. Antilithic — 2 compounds; LECITHIN, MAGNESIUM
65. Antimaculitic — 2 compounds; SELENIUM, ZINC
66. Antimelanomic — 2 compounds; BETULINIC-ACID, SELENIUM
67. Antimetastatic — 2 compounds; SELENIUM, ZINC
68. Antinociceptive — 2 compounds; BETULINIC-ACID, COPPER
69. Antioxidant — 2 compounds; MANGANESE, SELENIUM
70. Antiperiodontitic — 2 compounds; CALCIUM, ZINC
71. Antiplaque — 2 compounds; MAGNESIUM, ZINC
72. Antiseborrheic — 2 compounds; LECITHIN, SULFUR
73. Antispasmodic — 2 compounds; MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM
74. Antistress — 2 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM
75. Antistroke — 2 compounds; MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM
76. Antitriglyceride — 2 compounds; CHROMIUM, ZINC
77. Antitumor (Lung) — 2 compounds; LECITHIN, SELENIUM
78. Antiulcer — 2 compounds; GOLD, ZINC
79. Apoptotic — 2 compounds; BETULINIC-ACID, SELENIUM
80. Candidicide — 2 compounds; ALUMINUM, CHLORINE
81. Cholinergic — 2 compounds; LECITHIN, LITHIUM
82. Cytotoxic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; BETULIN, BETULINIC-ACID
83. Hypertensive — 2 compounds; CADMIUM, SODIUM
84. NF-kB-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; SELENIUM, ZINC
85. Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; BETULIN, BETULINIC-ACID
86. Tranquilizer — 2 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM
87. Acarifuge — 1 compounds; SULFUR
88. ACE-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ZINC
89. Acnegenic — 1 compounds; IODINE
90. Amphiglycemic? — 1 compounds; CHROMIUM
91. Androgenic — 1 compounds; BORON
92. Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker — 1 compounds; POTASSIUM
93. Anthelmintic — 1 compounds; BETULINIC-ACID
94. Antiacrodermatitic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; ZINC
95. Antiadrenalinic — 1 compounds; NICKEL
96. AntiAGE — 1 compounds; CHROMIUM
97. Antiaging — 1 compounds; CHROMIUM
98. Antiakathisic — 1 compounds; IRON
99. Antiallergic — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
100. Antialopecic — 1 compounds; ZINC
101. Antianginal — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
102. Antianorectic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
103. Antianorexic — 1 compounds; ZINC
104. Antiarteriosclerotic — 1 compounds; SILICON
105. Antiataxic — 1 compounds; LECITHIN
106. AntiBPH — 1 compounds; ZINC
107. Anticancer — 1 compounds; BETULINIC-ACID
108. Anticancer (Esophagus)? — 1 compounds; MOLYBDENUM
109. Anticephalagic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
110. Anticheilitic — 1 compounds; IRON
111. Anticirrhotic? — 1 compounds; NICKEL
112. Anticoeliac — 1 compounds; ZINC
113. Anticold — 1 compounds; ZINC
114. Anticolitic — 1 compounds; ZINC
115. Anticonvulsant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MAGNESIUM
116. Anticorneotic — 1 compounds; CHROMIUM
117. AntiCrohn's — 1 compounds; ZINC
118. Antidiscotic — 1 compounds; MANGANESE
119. Antidote (Aluminum) — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
120. Antidote (Cadmium) — 1 compounds; ZINC
121. Antidote (Mercury) — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
122. Antidysgeuzic — 1 compounds; ZINC
123. Antidysmenorrheic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
124. Antiedemic — 1 compounds; BETULINIC-ACID
125. Antiencephalopathic — 1 compounds; ZINC
126. Antiendometriotic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
127. Antienterotic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
128. Antifeedant — 1 compounds; BETULIN
129. Antifibromyalgic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
130. Antiflu — 1 compounds; BETULIN
131. Antifuruncular — 1 compounds; ZINC
132. Antigastrotic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
133. Antiglaucomic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
134. Antiglycosuric — 1 compounds; CHROMIUM
135. Antigoiter — 1 compounds; IODINE
136. Antigout — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
137. Antigrey — 1 compounds; SULFUR
138. Antihangover — 1 compounds; ZINC
139. Antiherpetic — 1 compounds; CHLORINE
140. Antiherpetic? — 1 compounds; ZINC
141. Antihyperthyroid — 1 compounds; LITHIUM
142. Antihypoglycemic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
143. Antiimpotence — 1 compounds; ZINC
144. Antiinfective — 1 compounds; ZINC
145. Antiinsulinogenic — 1 compounds; VANADIUM
146. Antikeshan — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
147. Antilepric — 1 compounds; ZINC
148. Antileukonychic — 1 compounds; ZINC
149. Antileukotriene — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
150. AntiLyme — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
151. Antilymphomic — 1 compounds; ZINC
152. Antimalarial — 1 compounds; BETULINIC-ACID
153. Antimastalgic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
154. Antimenorrhagic — 1 compounds; IRON
155. Antimigraine — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
156. Antimitral-valve-prolapse — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
157. Antimorphinistic — 1 compounds; LECITHIN
158. AntiMS — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
159. Antimyalgic — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
160. Antinephrolytic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MAGNESIUM
161. Antineuropathic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; ZINC
162. Antineurotic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MAGNESIUM
163. AntiNF-kB — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
164. Antinyctalopic — 1 compounds; ZINC
165. Antionychyotic — 1 compounds; SILICON
166. Antiototic — 1 compounds; MANGANESE
167. Antioxidant Synergist — 1 compounds; LECITHIN
168. Antiparkinsonian — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
169. Antiplasmodial — 1 compounds; BETULINIC-ACID
170. Antiprolactin — 1 compounds; ZINC
171. Antiproliferant — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
172. Antiprostatitic — 1 compounds; ZINC
173. Antiprostatotic — 1 compounds; PHYTOSTEROLS
174. Antipsoriac — 1 compounds; LECITHIN
175. Antipsychotic — 1 compounds; LITHIUM
176. Antiradicular — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
177. AntiRaynaud's — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
178. Antiretinopathic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
179. Antischizophrenic — 1 compounds; LITHIUM
180. Antisclerodermic — 1 compounds; LECITHIN
181. Antisilicotic — 1 compounds; ALUMINUM
182. Antispare-Tire — 1 compounds; ZINC
183. Antispasmophilic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
184. Antisprue — 1 compounds; LECITHIN
185. Antistomatitic — 1 compounds; ZINC
186. Antithyrotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; IODINE
187. Antitic — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
188. Antitinnitic — 1 compounds; ZINC
189. AntiTourette's — 1 compounds; LECITHIN
190. Antitumor (brain) — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
191. Antitumor (Breast) — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
192. Antitumor (Esophagus)? — 1 compounds; MOLYBDENUM
193. Antitumor (Prostate) — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
194. Antiulcerogenic — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
195. Antivaginitic — 1 compounds; ALUMINUM
196. Antiviral? — 1 compounds; ZINC
197. AP-1-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
198. Aphidifuge — 1 compounds; BETULIN
199. Astringent — 1 compounds; ZINC
200. ATPase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; VANADIUM
201. Beta-Blocker — 1 compounds; POTASSIUM
202. Calcium-Antagonist — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
203. Calcium-Channel-Blocker — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
204. Cancer-Preventive — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
205. Cancer-Preventive? — 1 compounds; VANADIUM
206. Cardiomyopathogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; COBALT
207. Cardioprotective? — 1 compounds; toxic activity; VANADIUM
208. Cardiotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; POTASSIUM
209. CNS-Depressant — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
210. Collagenic — 1 compounds; ZINC
211. Comedogenic — 1 compounds; SULFUR
212. Contraceptive — 1 compounds; COPPER
213. Copper-Antagonist — 1 compounds; ZINC
214. Deliriant — 1 compounds; LITHIUM
215. Deodorant — 1 compounds; ZINC
216. Depressant — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
217. Dermatitigenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; IODINE
218. Detoxicant (Alcohol) — 1 compounds; toxic activity; ZINC
219. Encephalopathic — 1 compounds; ALUMINUM
220. Energizer — 1 compounds; CHROMIUM
221. Ergogenic — 1 compounds; ZINC
222. Erythrocytogenic — 1 compounds; COBALT
223. Estrogenic — 1 compounds; BORON
224. Goitrogenic — 1 compounds; IODINE
225. Hepatoprotective — 1 compounds; toxic activity; LECITHIN
226. Hyperthyroid — 1 compounds; IODINE
227. Hypolipemic — 1 compounds; BETULIN
228. Hypotriglyceridemic — 1 compounds; VANADIUM
229. Immunosuppressant — 1 compounds; ZINC
230. Insulin-Sparing — 1 compounds; NICKEL
231. Keratolytic — 1 compounds; SULFUR
232. Leptingenic — 1 compounds; ZINC
233. Lipotropic — 1 compounds; LECITHIN
234. Lithogenic — 1 compounds; CADMIUM
235. Litholytic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
236. Memorigenic — 1 compounds; CHROMIUM
237. Mucogenic — 1 compounds; ZINC
238. Myorelaxant — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
239. Natriuretic — 1 compounds; LITHIUM
240. Neurotransmitter — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MAGNESIUM
241. Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
242. Osteogenic — 1 compounds; PHOSPHORUS
243. Pancreatoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; VANADIUM
244. Parasiticide — 1 compounds; SULFUR
245. Phospholipase-A2-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; BETULINIC-ACID
246. Polyamine-Synthesis-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
247. Prooxidant — 1 compounds; IRON
248. Prostaglandin-Sparer — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
249. Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
250. Protisticide — 1 compounds; IODINE
251. Scabicide — 1 compounds; SULFUR
252. Schizophrenigenic — 1 compounds; COPPER
253. Spermigenic — 1 compounds; ZINC
254. Taenicide — 1 compounds; TIN
255. Testosteronigenic — 1 compounds; ZINC
256. Thyrotropic — 1 compounds; IODINE
257. Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; BETULIN
258. Toxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; VANADIUM
259. Trichomonicide — 1 compounds; ZINC
260. Uterorelaxant — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
261. VEGF-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; SELENIUM
262. Vulnerary — 1 compounds; ZINC

Toxic compounds

• BETULIN — Anticarcinomic; Stem Bark
• BETULIN — Cytotoxic; Stem Bark; 600 ppm
• BETULINIC-ACID — Anticarcinomic; Stem Bark
• BETULINIC-ACID — Cytotoxic; Stem Bark; 50-100 ppm
• CADMIUM — Nephrotoxic; Seed
• CADMIUM — Nephrotoxic; Shoot
• CHROMIUM — Cardioprotective; Seed
• CHROMIUM — Cardioprotective; Shoot
• COBALT — Cardiomyopathogenic; Seed
• COBALT — Cardiomyopathogenic; Shoot
• COPPER — Cardioprotective; Seed
• COPPER — Cardioprotective; Shoot
• GOLD — Nephrotoxic; Seed
• IODINE — Antithyrotoxic; Seed
• IODINE — Antithyrotoxic; Shoot
• IODINE — Dermatitigenic; Seed
• IODINE — Dermatitigenic; Shoot
• LECITHIN — Hepatoprotective; Seed Oil
• LITHIUM — Nephrotoxic; Shoot
• MAGNESIUM — Anticonvulsant; Seed
• MAGNESIUM — Anticonvulsant; Shoot
• MAGNESIUM — Antinephrolytic; Seed
• MAGNESIUM — Antinephrolytic; Shoot
• MAGNESIUM — Antineurotic; Seed
• MAGNESIUM — Antineurotic; Shoot
• MAGNESIUM — Cardioprotective; Seed
• MAGNESIUM — Cardioprotective; Shoot
• MAGNESIUM — Neurotransmitter; Seed
• MAGNESIUM — Neurotransmitter; Shoot
• POTASSIUM — Cardioprotective; Seed; 3,000-5,000 mg
• POTASSIUM — Cardioprotective; Shoot; 3,000-5,000 mg
• POTASSIUM — Cardiotoxic; Seed; 18,000 mg/man/day
• POTASSIUM — Cardiotoxic; Shoot; 18,000 mg/man/day
• SELENIUM — Cardioprotective; Seed; 200 ug/day
• SILICON — Cardioprotective; Seed
• SILICON — Cardioprotective; Shoot
• VANADIUM — Cardioprotective?; Seed
• VANADIUM — Nephrotoxic; Seed
• VANADIUM — Pancreatoxic; Seed
• VANADIUM — Toxic; Seed
• ZINC — Antiacrodermatitic; Seed; 8-34 mg/day/orl/chd
• ZINC — Antiacrodermatitic; Shoot; 8-34 mg/day/orl/chd
• ZINC — Antineuropathic; Seed
• ZINC — Antineuropathic; Shoot
• ZINC — Detoxicant (Alcohol); Seed
• ZINC — Detoxicant (Alcohol); Shoot