Cymbopogon nardus (Ceylon Citronella)

Traditional uses

Egypt

• Ache(Head)
• Stomach
• Pain

Mexico

• Anodyne
• Carminative
• Diaphoretic
• Neuralgia
• Rheumatism
• Rubefacient
• Spasm
• Stimulant
• Cholera

Turkey

• Carminative
• Rubefacient
• Soap

Elsewhere

• Dentifrice
• Disinfectant
• Insecticide
• Repellant(Insect)
• Malaria
• Soap
• Thirst
• Fever

Java

• Dyspepsia
• Emmenagogue

Haiti

• Sudorific

Panama(Cuna)

• Tea

Chemicals

Plant

• BOURBONENE — 30 to 120
• 1-CARVOTANACETONE — 327 to 1284
• D-CITRONELLAL — 126 to 1800
• D-CITRONELLOL-N-BUTYRATE
• CITRONELLYL-BUTYRATE
• P-CYMENE
• EO — 3000 to 12000
• ETHANOL — 75 to 300
• FARNESOL — 6 to 36
• GERANIOL — 600 to 4794
• GERANYL-ACETATE — 188 to 750
• GERANYL-BUTYRATE — 45 to 180
• HEXANOL — 3 to 12
• L-LIMONENE — 291 to 1164
• LINALOL — 36 to 144
• LINALYL-ACETATE — 24 to 96
• METHYL-EUGENOL — 51 to 204
• METHYL-ISOEUGENOL — 216 to 864
• MYRCENE — 9 to 36
• NEROL
• CIS-OCIMENE — 42 to 168
• TRANS-OCIMENE — 54 to 216
• PERILLALDEHYDE — 363 to 1452
• ALPHA-PINENE — 78 to 312
• SABINENE
• TERPINEN-4-OL — 21 to 84
• TERPINOLENE — 21 to 84
• THUJYL-ALCOHOL
• TRICYCLENE — 45 to 180
• BETA-PINENE
• L-BORNEOL — 198 to 792
• DELTA-3-CARENE
• CITRONELLOL — 252 to 1008
• GERANYL-FORMATE — 126 to 504
• NEROLIDOL — 9 to 36
• ALPHA-TERPINEOL
• FURFUROL — 69 to 276
• PHELLANDRAL — 253 to 1012
• D-CITRONELLOL-ACETATE — 57 to 228
• ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE — 24 to 96
• METHYL-HEPTENONE — 6 to 24
• CAMPHENE — 150 to 960
• CAMPHOR — 15 to 60
• CARYOPHYLLENE — 96 to 384
• ELEMOL — 51 to 204
• MENTHOL

Activities

1. FLavor — 23 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BETA-PINENE, CAMPHENE, CARYOPHYLLENE, CITRONELLOL, CITRONELLYL-BUTYRATE, DELTA-3-CARENE, FARNESOL, GERANIOL, GERANYL-ACETATE, GERANYL-BUTYRATE, GERANYL-FORMATE, HEXANOL, LINALYL-ACETATE, METHYL-EUGENOL, METHYL-ISOEUGENOL, MYRCENE, NEROL, NEROLIDOL, P-CYMENE, TERPINOLENE
2. Pesticide — 22 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BETA-PINENE, CAMPHENE, CAMPHOR, CARYOPHYLLENE, CITRONELLOL, DELTA-3-CARENE, ETHANOL, FARNESOL, GERANIOL, HEXANOL, MENTHOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, METHYL-ISOEUGENOL, MYRCENE, NEROL, NEROLIDOL, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL, TERPINOLENE
3. Perfumery — 20 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BETA-PINENE, CARYOPHYLLENE, CITRONELLOL, FARNESOL, GERANIOL, GERANYL-ACETATE, GERANYL-BUTYRATE, GERANYL-FORMATE, LINALYL-ACETATE, MENTHOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, METHYL-ISOEUGENOL, MYRCENE, NEROL, NEROLIDOL, SABINENE, TERPINOLENE
4. Antibacterial — 19 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, CARYOPHYLLENE, CIS-OCIMENE, CITRONELLOL, DELTA-3-CARENE, ETHANOL, GERANIOL, MENTHOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, METHYL-ISOEUGENOL, MYRCENE, NEROL, NEROLIDOL, P-CYMENE, PERILLALDEHYDE, SABINENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
5. Antiseptic — 14 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BETA-PINENE, CAMPHOR, CITRONELLOL, ETHANOL, GERANIOL, HEXANOL, MENTHOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, NEROL, PERILLALDEHYDE, SABINENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
6. Sedative — 13 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, CARYOPHYLLENE, CITRONELLOL, FARNESOL, GERANIOL, GERANYL-ACETATE, GERANYL-BUTYRATE, LINALYL-ACETATE, METHYL-EUGENOL, NEROL, P-CYMENE, PERILLALDEHYDE
7. Fungicide — 12 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, CAMPHOR, CARYOPHYLLENE, CIS-OCIMENE, CITRONELLOL, GERANIOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, MYRCENE, P-CYMENE, PERILLALDEHYDE, TERPINEN-4-OL, TERPINOLENE
8. Allergenic — 11 compounds; toxic activity; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, CARYOPHYLLENE, CITRONELLOL, ETHANOL, FARNESOL, GERANIOL, GERANYL-ACETATE, MENTHOL, MYRCENE, NEROLIDOL
9. Antispasmodic — 11 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, CAMPHOR, CARYOPHYLLENE, FARNESOL, GERANIOL, LINALYL-ACETATE, MENTHOL, METHYL-ISOEUGENOL, MYRCENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
10. Insectifuge — 11 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, CAMPHENE, CAMPHOR, CARYOPHYLLENE, DELTA-3-CARENE, GERANIOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, MYRCENE, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
11. Irritant — 11 compounds; toxic activity; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, CAMPHOR, CARYOPHYLLENE, CITRONELLOL, DELTA-3-CARENE, MENTHOL, MYRCENE, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
12. Nematicide — 11 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL, CAMPHOR, CITRONELLOL, FARNESOL, GERANIOL, MENTHOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, METHYL-ISOEUGENOL, NEROLIDOL, PERILLALDEHYDE, TERPINEN-4-OL
13. Herbicide — 8 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, CAMPHOR, CITRONELLOL, GERANIOL, METHYL-ISOEUGENOL, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
14. Candidicide — 7 compounds; BETA-PINENE, CARYOPHYLLENE, CITRONELLOL, GERANIOL, MENTHOL, METHYL-ISOEUGENOL, PERILLALDEHYDE
15. Expectorant — 7 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, CAMPHENE, CAMPHOR, ETHANOL, GERANIOL, MENTHOL, METHYL-ISOEUGENOL
16. Anesthetic — 6 compounds; CAMPHOR, ETHANOL, LINALYL-ACETATE, MENTHOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, METHYL-ISOEUGENOL
17. Antiacne — 6 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, CAMPHOR, CARYOPHYLLENE, NEROLIDOL, TERPINEN-4-OL
18. Antifeedant — 6 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, CAMPHOR, CARYOPHYLLENE, METHYL-EUGENOL, NEROLIDOL, TERPINOLENE
19. Antiinflammatory — 6 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BETA-PINENE, CARYOPHYLLENE, DELTA-3-CARENE, MENTHOL
20. Antioxidant — 6 compounds; CAMPHENE, LINALYL-ACETATE, METHYL-EUGENOL, MYRCENE, TERPINEN-4-OL, TERPINOLENE
21. Antistaphylococcic — 6 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, CARYOPHYLLENE, CIS-OCIMENE, CITRONELLOL, MENTHOL
22. Analgesic — 5 compounds; CAMPHOR, CARYOPHYLLENE, MENTHOL, MYRCENE, P-CYMENE
23. Antiacetylcholinesterase — 5 compounds; ELEMOL, L-LIMONENE, MENTHOL, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
24. Antiulcer — 5 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE, ELEMOL, NEROL, SABINENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
25. Cancer-Preventive — 5 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, CAMPHOR, GERANIOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, METHYL-ISOEUGENOL
26. Transdermal — 5 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BETA-PINENE, CAMPHOR, MENTHOL
27. Trichomonicide — 5 compounds; CITRONELLOL, FARNESOL, GERANIOL, NEROL, P-CYMENE
28. Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor — 4 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL, CARYOPHYLLENE, MYRCENE, NEROLIDOL
29. Allelopathic — 4 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL, CAMPHENE, CAMPHOR, TERPINEN-4-OL
30. Anticariogenic — 4 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL, CARYOPHYLLENE, GERANIOL, NEROLIDOL
31. Antistreptococcic — 4 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE, CITRONELLOL, MENTHOL, NEROLIDOL
32. Insectiphile — 4 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, GERANIOL, GERANYL-ACETATE
33. Antiasthmatic — 3 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE, MENTHOL, TERPINEN-4-OL
34. Antimelanomic — 3 compounds; FARNESOL, GERANIOL, PERILLALDEHYDE
35. Antipruritic — 3 compounds; CAMPHOR, ETHANOL, MENTHOL
36. CNS-Stimulant — 3 compounds; CAMPHOR, GERANIOL, MENTHOL
37. Emetic — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, CAMPHOR, GERANIOL
38. Myorelaxant — 3 compounds; MENTHOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, MYRCENE
39. P450-2B1-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, CAMPHOR, MYRCENE
40. Rubefacient — 3 compounds; CAMPHOR, ETHANOL, MENTHOL
41. Spasmogenic — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, CAMPHENE
42. Vibriocide — 3 compounds; CAMPHOR, MENTHOL, PERILLALDEHYDE
43. ACE-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL, MYRCENE
44. Allelochemic — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, TERPINOLENE
45. Antiaggregant — 2 compounds; MENTHOL, METHYL-ISOEUGENOL
46. Antiallergic — 2 compounds; MENTHOL, TERPINEN-4-OL
47. Anticancer (Pancreas) — 2 compounds; FARNESOL, GERANIOL
48. Anticonvulsant — 2 compounds; toxic activity; METHYL-EUGENOL, MYRCENE
49. Antiflu — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, P-CYMENE
50. Antihelicobacter — 2 compounds; NEROL, SABINENE
51. Antihistaminic — 2 compounds; MENTHOL, METHYL-ISOEUGENOL
52. Antineuralgic — 2 compounds; CAMPHOR, MENTHOL
53. Antinitrosaminic — 2 compounds; MYRCENE, TERPINOLENE
54. Antiproliferant — 2 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL, CARYOPHYLLENE
55. Antisalmonella — 2 compounds; GERANIOL, MENTHOL
56. Antitumor — 2 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE, GERANIOL
57. Antiviral — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, P-CYMENE
58. Carminative — 2 compounds; CAMPHOR, MENTHOL
59. CNS-Depressant — 2 compounds; ETHANOL, MENTHOL
60. Convulsant — 2 compounds; toxic activity; CAMPHOR, MENTHOL
61. Counterirritant — 2 compounds; toxic activity; CAMPHOR, MENTHOL
62. Dermatitigenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; DELTA-3-CARENE, MENTHOL
63. Insecticide — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL
64. Laxative — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, P-CYMENE
65. Motor-Depressant — 2 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL, LINALYL-ACETATE
66. Termiticide — 2 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL, MENTHOL
67. Vulnerary — 2 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL, TERPINEN-4-OL
68. Acaricide — 1 compounds; PERILLALDEHYDE
69. Allergenic? — 1 compounds; toxic activity; DELTA-3-CARENE
70. Anhydrotic — 1 compounds; ETHANOL
71. Anthelmintic — 1 compounds; GERANIOL
72. Antiadenomic — 1 compounds; FARNESOL
73. Antiatherosclerotic — 1 compounds; ETHANOL
74. Antibacillary — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE
75. Antibacillus — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
76. Antibronchitic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
77. Anticancer — 1 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL
78. Anticarcinomic (Colon) — 1 compounds; toxic activity; FARNESOL
79. Anticarcinomic (Lung) — 1 compounds; toxic activity; FARNESOL
80. Antidandruff — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
81. Antidermatitic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; CARYOPHYLLENE
82. Antidiarrheic — 1 compounds; CAMPHOR
83. Antidote (Strychnine) — 1 compounds; METHYL-EUGENOL
84. Antidysenteric — 1 compounds; CAMPHOR
85. Antiedemic — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
86. Antiemetic — 1 compounds; CAMPHOR
87. Antiescherichic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
88. Antifibrositic — 1 compounds; CAMPHOR
89. Antihalitosic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
90. Antileishmanic — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
91. Antileukemic — 1 compounds; FARNESOL
92. Antilisteria — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
93. Antilithic? — 1 compounds; CAMPHENE
94. Antimutagenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MYRCENE
95. Antinociceptive — 1 compounds; MYRCENE
96. Antiodontalgic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
97. Antionychyotic — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
98. Antipneumonic — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE
99. Antiproliferative — 1 compounds; PERILLALDEHYDE
100. Antipyretic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
101. Antiradicular — 1 compounds; METHYL-EUGENOL
102. Antirheumatalgic — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE
103. Antirheumatic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
104. Antisinusitic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
105. Antitartar — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
106. Antitubercular — 1 compounds; GERANIOL
107. Antitumor (Pancreas) — 1 compounds; GERANIOL
108. Antitussive — 1 compounds; TERPINEN-4-OL
109. Antivaginitic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
110. Antivulvitic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
111. Apoptotic — 1 compounds; FARNESOL
112. Ascaricide — 1 compounds; GERANIOL
113. Bacteriostatic — 1 compounds; TERPINEN-4-OL
114. Bradycardic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
115. Bronchomucolytic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
116. Bronchomucotropic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
117. Bronchorrheic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
118. Calcium-Antagonist — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
119. Carcinogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; METHYL-EUGENOL
120. Chemopreventive — 1 compounds; MYRCENE
121. Choleretic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
122. Cicatrizant — 1 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL
123. Ciliotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MENTHOL
124. Coleoptophile — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE
125. Congestant — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
126. Cosmetic — 1 compounds; CAMPHOR
127. Decongestant — 1 compounds; CAMPHOR
128. Decongestant? — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
129. Deliriant — 1 compounds; CAMPHOR
130. Deodorant — 1 compounds; TERPINOLENE
131. Dermal — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
132. Diaphoretic — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
133. Diuretic — 1 compounds; TERPINEN-4-OL
134. Ecbolic — 1 compounds; CAMPHOR
135. Embryotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; GERANIOL
136. Enterorelaxant — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
137. Epileptigenic — 1 compounds; CAMPHOR
138. Estrogenic — 1 compounds; NEROL
139. Fungistat — 1 compounds; METHYL-EUGENOL
140. Gastroprotective — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
141. Gastrosedative — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
142. Hepatotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; ETHANOL
143. Hypertensive — 1 compounds; ETHANOL
144. Hypnotic — 1 compounds; ETHANOL
145. Hypocalcemic — 1 compounds; ETHANOL
146. Hypocholesterolemic? — 1 compounds; CAMPHENE
147. Hypotensive — 1 compounds; ETHANOL
148. Hypothermic — 1 compounds; MYRCENE
149. Insect-attractant — 1 compounds; METHYL-ISOEUGENOL
150. Insect-Repellent — 1 compounds; CAMPHOR
151. Interleukin-6-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL
152. Juvabional — 1 compounds; FARNESOL
153. Larvicide — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
154. Mosquitocide — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
155. Mosquitofuge — 1 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL
156. Mucotropic — 1 compounds; ETHANOL
157. Mutagenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; PERILLALDEHYDE
158. Mycobactericide — 1 compounds; GERANIOL
159. Narcotic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; METHYL-EUGENOL
160. Neurodepressant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MENTHOL
161. Neurolytic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; ETHANOL
162. Neuropathogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MENTHOL
163. Nociceptive — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
164. Occuloirritant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; CAMPHOR
165. Pheromonal — 1 compounds; FARNESOL
166. Refrigerant — 1 compounds; MENTHOL
167. Renoirritant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; TERPINEN-4-OL
168. Respirainhibitor — 1 compounds; CAMPHOR
169. Respirastimulant — 1 compounds; CAMPHOR
170. Sclerosant — 1 compounds; ETHANOL
171. Spermicide — 1 compounds; TERPINEN-4-OL
172. Stimulant — 1 compounds; CAMPHOR
173. Surfactant — 1 compounds; ETHANOL
174. Teratogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; ETHANOL
175. Termitifuge — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
176. Toxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; METHYL-ISOEUGENOL
177. Tranquilizer — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE
178. Tremorilytic — 1 compounds; ETHANOL
179. Ulcerogenic — 1 compounds; ETHANOL
180. Verrucolytic — 1 compounds; CAMPHOR

Toxic compounds

• ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE — Irritant; Plant
• ALPHA-PINENE — Allergenic; Plant
• ALPHA-PINENE — Irritant; Plant
• BETA-PINENE — Allergenic; Plant
• BETA-PINENE — Irritant; Plant
• CAMPHOR — Convulsant; Plant
• CAMPHOR — Counterirritant; Plant
• CAMPHOR — Irritant; Plant
• CAMPHOR — Occuloirritant; Plant
• CARYOPHYLLENE — Allergenic; Plant
• CARYOPHYLLENE — Antidermatitic; Plant
• CARYOPHYLLENE — Irritant; Plant
• CITRONELLOL — Allergenic; Plant
• CITRONELLOL — Irritant; Plant
• DELTA-3-CARENE — Allergenic?; Plant
• DELTA-3-CARENE — Dermatitigenic; Plant
• DELTA-3-CARENE — Irritant; Plant
• ETHANOL — Allergenic; Plant
• ETHANOL — Hepatotoxic; Plant
• ETHANOL — Neurolytic; Plant
• ETHANOL — Teratogenic; Plant; 6,000 orl dog
• FARNESOL — Allergenic; Plant
• FARNESOL — Anticarcinomic (Colon); Plant
• FARNESOL — Anticarcinomic (Lung); Plant
• GERANIOL — Allergenic; Plant
• GERANIOL — Embryotoxic; Plant
• GERANYL-ACETATE — Allergenic; Plant
• MENTHOL — Allergenic; Plant
• MENTHOL — Ciliotoxic; Plant
• MENTHOL — Convulsant; Plant
• MENTHOL — Counterirritant; Plant
• MENTHOL — Dermatitigenic; Plant
• MENTHOL — Irritant; Plant
• MENTHOL — Neurodepressant; Plant
• MENTHOL — Neuropathogenic; Plant; 40-100 mg/day/rat
• METHYL-EUGENOL — Anticonvulsant; Plant
• METHYL-EUGENOL — Carcinogenic; Plant
• METHYL-EUGENOL — Narcotic; Plant
• METHYL-ISOEUGENOL — Toxic; Plant
• MYRCENE — Allergenic; Plant
• MYRCENE — Anticonvulsant; Plant
• MYRCENE — Antimutagenic; Plant
• MYRCENE — Irritant; Plant
• NEROLIDOL — Allergenic; Plant
• P-CYMENE — Irritant; Plant
• PERILLALDEHYDE — Mutagenic; Plant
• TERPINEN-4-OL — Irritant; Plant
• TERPINEN-4-OL — Renoirritant; Plant