Ephedra gerardiana (Pakistani Ephedra)

Traditional uses

India

  • Asthma
  • Cardiotonic

Nepal

  • Cardiotonic
  • Circulation-Tonic
  • Hypotensive

Chemicals

Plant

  • ALKALOIDS — 8000 to 14000
  • CATECHINS
  • EPHEDRINE — 4000 to 7000
  • GALLIC-ACID
  • D-N-METHYL-PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
  • L-NOREPHEDRINE
  • D-PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
  • SAPONINS
  • TANNINS
  • ELLAGIC-ACID
  • L-N-METHYL-EPHEDRINE
  • N-NORPSEUDOEPHEDRINE

Leaf

  • 10-NONACOSANOL
  • N-1-TRIACONTANOL

Essential Oil

  • TERPINEOL

Activities

  1. Pesticide — 4 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, EPHEDRINE, GALLIC-ACID, TERPINEOL
  2. Antianaphylactic — 3 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, EPHEDRINE, GALLIC-ACID
  3. Antiasthmatic — 3 compounds; EPHEDRINE, GALLIC-ACID, TERPINEOL
  4. Antibacterial — 3 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, TERPINEOL
  5. Antiinflammatory — 3 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, EPHEDRINE, GALLIC-ACID
  6. Antimutagenic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, SAPONINS
  7. Antiseptic — 3 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, TERPINEOL
  8. Antiviral — 3 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, EPHEDRINE, GALLIC-ACID
  9. ACE-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID
  10. Analgesic — 2 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, TERPINEOL
  11. Anesthetic — 2 compounds; EPHEDRINE, TERPINEOL
  12. Antiallergenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; GALLIC-ACID, TERPINEOL
  13. Antibronchitic — 2 compounds; EPHEDRINE, GALLIC-ACID
  14. Anticancer — 2 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, TERPINEOL
  15. Antiherpetic — 2 compounds; EPHEDRINE, GALLIC-ACID
  16. AntiHIV — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID
  17. Antioxidant — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID
  18. Antiperoxidant — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID
  19. Antitumor — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID
  20. Antitussive — 2 compounds; EPHEDRINE, TERPINEOL
  21. Apoptotic — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID
  22. Astringent — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID
  23. Bronchodilator — 2 compounds; EPHEDRINE, GALLIC-ACID
  24. Cancer-Preventive — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID
  25. Cytotoxic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID
  26. Hepatoprotective — 2 compounds; toxic activity; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID
  27. Immunomodulator — 2 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, SAPONINS
  28. Insecticide — 2 compounds; EPHEDRINE, TERPINEOL
  29. Myorelaxant — 2 compounds; EPHEDRINE, GALLIC-ACID
  30. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID
  31. Abortifacient — 1 compounds; toxic activity; ELLAGIC-ACID
  32. Adrenergic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  33. Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  34. Allergenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; EPHEDRINE
  35. Antiadenovirus — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  36. Antiaflatoxin — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  37. Antiallergic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  38. Antiangiogenic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  39. Antiappetant — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  40. Antiarachidonate — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  41. Anticancer (Cervix) — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  42. Anticancer (Colon) — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  43. Anticancer (Esophagus) — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  44. Anticancer (Mouth) — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  45. Anticarcinomic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; GALLIC-ACID
  46. Anticariogenic — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  47. Anticataract — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  48. Anticholinesterase — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  49. Antiedemic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  50. Antiemphysemic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  51. Antienuretic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  52. Antiepileptic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  53. Antiescherichic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  54. Antifibrinolytic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  55. Antiflu — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  56. Antigingivitic — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  57. AntiGTF — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  58. Antihepatomic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; SAPONINS
  59. Antihepatotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; GALLIC-ACID
  60. Antihiccup — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  61. Antihistaminic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  62. Antihyperthyroid — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  63. Antileishmanic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  64. Antimalarial — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  65. AntiMRSA — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  66. Antimyasthenic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  67. Antinarcoleptic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  68. Antinitrosaminic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  69. Antiperiodontic — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  70. Antiperiodontitic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  71. Antiplaque — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  72. Antiplasmodial — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  73. Antipolio — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  74. Antiproliferant — 1 compounds; TERPINEOL
  75. Antiproteolytic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  76. Antiradicular — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  77. Antirhinitic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  78. Antisinusitic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  79. Antispasmodic — 1 compounds; TERPINEOL
  80. Antistaphylococcic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  81. Antistreptococcic — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  82. Antisyncopic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  83. Antithyroid — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  84. Antitumor (Lung) — 1 compounds; SAPONINS
  85. Antitumor (Ovary) — 1 compounds; SAPONINS
  86. Antitumor-Promoter — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  87. Antiyeast — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  88. Bacteristat — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  89. Bronchorelaxant — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  90. Candida-SAP-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  91. Candidicide — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  92. Carcinogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; GALLIC-ACID
  93. Cardiotonic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; EPHEDRINE
  94. Cerebrostimulant — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  95. Cholagogue — 1 compounds; TERPINEOL
  96. Choleretic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  97. CNS-Stimulant — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  98. Controlled — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  99. Culicide — 1 compounds; TERPINEOL
  100. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  101. Decongestant — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  102. Deiodinase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  103. Dermatitigenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; EPHEDRINE
  104. Detoxicant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; ELLAGIC-ACID
  105. Diuretic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  106. Expectorant — 1 compounds; TERPINEOL
  107. Floral-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  108. Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  109. Gram(-)icide — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  110. Gram(+)icide — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  111. Hallucinogenic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  112. Hemostat — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  113. Hemostatic — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  114. HIV-RT-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  115. Hypertensive — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  116. Immunostimulant — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  117. Immunosuppressant — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  118. Insectifuge — 1 compounds; TERPINEOL
  119. Insulin-Sparing — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  120. Juvabional — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  121. Larvicide — 1 compounds; TERPINEOL
  122. Mydriatic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  123. Myocardiotonic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; EPHEDRINE
  124. Nephrotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; GALLIC-ACID
  125. NO-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  126. Perfumery — 1 compounds; TERPINEOL
  127. Quinone-Reductase-Inducer — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  128. Respirastimulant — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  129. Stimulant — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  130. Styptic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  131. Sunscreen — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  132. Sympathomimetic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  133. Tachycardic — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  134. Topoisomerase-I-Antagonist — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
  135. Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
  136. Tracheorelaxant — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  137. Tyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; CATECHINS
  138. Uterocontractant — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE
  139. Vasoconstrictor — 1 compounds; EPHEDRINE

Toxic compounds

  • ELLAGIC-ACID — Abortifacient; Plant; 1.2 mg/kg ivn mus
  • ELLAGIC-ACID — Antimutagenic; Plant
  • ELLAGIC-ACID — Cytotoxic; Plant; 4.6 ug/ml
  • ELLAGIC-ACID — Detoxicant; Plant
  • ELLAGIC-ACID — Hepatoprotective; Plant; IC55=30 ug/ml
  • EPHEDRINE — Allergenic; Plant
  • EPHEDRINE — Cardiotonic; Plant; 1 mg/kg ivn rat
  • EPHEDRINE — Dermatitigenic; Plant
  • EPHEDRINE — Myocardiotonic; Plant
  • GALLIC-ACID — Antiallergenic; Plant
  • GALLIC-ACID — Anticarcinomic; Plant; ED50=3
  • GALLIC-ACID — Antihepatotoxic; Plant
  • GALLIC-ACID — Antimutagenic; Plant
  • GALLIC-ACID — Carcinogenic; Plant
  • GALLIC-ACID — Cytotoxic; Plant; 500 uM
  • GALLIC-ACID — Hepatoprotective; Plant
  • GALLIC-ACID — Nephrotoxic; Plant
  • SAPONINS — Antihepatomic; Plant
  • SAPONINS — Antimutagenic; Plant
  • TERPINEOL — Antiallergenic; Essential Oil