Leonotis leonurus (Lion's Ear)

Traditional uses

Africa

  • Bite(Snake)
  • Cold
  • Cough
  • Purgative
  • Skin
  • Tapeworm
  • Emmenagogue
  • Vermifuge

Chemicals

Plant

  • MARRUBIIN — 4000
  • RESIN — 198000
  • LEONITIN

Se

  • BETA-BOURBONENE — 4
  • DELTA-CADINENE — 2
  • ALPHA-CADINOL — 4
  • CALAMENENE — 4
  • BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE — 155
  • CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE — 42
  • ALPHA-COPAENE — 6
  • ALPHA-CUBEBENE — 6
  • BETA-CUBEBENE — 6
  • P-CYMENE — 22
  • P-CYMEN-8-OL — 1
  • ALPHA-P-DIMETHYL-STYRENE — 1
  • EO
  • (E)-BETA-FARNESENE — 1
  • (Z)-BETA-FARNESENE — 0.1
  • GERMACRENE-D — 18
  • ALPHA-HUMULENE — 39
  • LINALOL — 1
  • GAMMA-MUUROLENE — 0.5
  • BETA-MYRCENE — 3
  • ALLO-OCIMENE — 0.5
  • (Z)-BETA-OCIMENE — 24
  • (E)-BETA-OCIMENE — 3
  • 2-PENTYL-FURAN — 2
  • ALPHA-PINENE — 65
  • BETA-PINENE — 0.5
  • SABINENE — 1
  • SPATHULENOL — 10
  • GAMMA-TERPINENE — 0.1
  • DELTA-TERPINEOL — 0.1
  • TERPINOLENE — 2
  • ALPHA-THUJENE — 2
  • BORNEOL — 0.1
  • LIMONENE — 28

Activities

  1. Pesticide — 11 compounds; ALPHA-CADINOL, ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, DELTA-CADINENE, GAMMA-TERPINENE, GERMACRENE-D, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE, TERPINOLENE
  2. Perfumery — 9 compounds; ALLO-OCIMENE, ALPHA-HUMULENE, ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-MYRCENE, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, GAMMA-TERPINENE, SABINENE, TERPINOLENE
  3. FLavor — 7 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, GAMMA-TERPINENE, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE, TERPINOLENE
  4. Antibacterial — 6 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BORNEOL, DELTA-CADINENE, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE, SABINENE
  5. Antifeedant — 6 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BORNEOL, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, GAMMA-TERPINENE, LIMONENE, TERPINOLENE
  6. Insectifuge — 6 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, GAMMA-TERPINENE, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE
  7. Irritant — 6 compounds; toxic activity; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, GAMMA-TERPINENE, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE
  8. Antiinflammatory — 5 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, LIMONENE
  9. Herbicide — 5 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE
  10. Allelochemic — 4 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BORNEOL, LIMONENE, TERPINOLENE
  11. Antiseptic — 4 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, LIMONENE, SABINENE
  12. Antispasmodic — 4 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, LIMONENE
  13. Fungicide — 4 compounds; BORNEOL, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, P-CYMENE, TERPINOLENE
  14. Sedative — 4 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BORNEOL, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE
  15. Acaricide — 3 compounds; ALPHA-CADINOL, GAMMA-TERPINENE, LIMONENE
  16. Allergenic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, LIMONENE
  17. Antiacetylcholinesterase — 3 compounds; GAMMA-TERPINENE, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE
  18. Antiflu — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE
  19. Antitumor — 3 compounds; ALPHA-HUMULENE, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, LIMONENE
  20. Antiviral — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE
  21. Cancer-Preventive — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-MYRCENE, LIMONENE
  22. Expectorant — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, LIMONENE, MARRUBIIN
  23. Insecticide — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, LIMONENE
  24. Transdermal — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, LIMONENE
  25. Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; DELTA-CADINENE, GAMMA-TERPINENE
  26. Analgesic — 2 compounds; BORNEOL, P-CYMENE
  27. Antiacne — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, DELTA-CADINENE
  28. Antioxidant — 2 compounds; GAMMA-TERPINENE, TERPINOLENE
  29. Antistaphylococcic — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BORNEOL
  30. Candidicide — 2 compounds; BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL
  31. Choleretic — 2 compounds; BORNEOL, MARRUBIIN
  32. Myorelaxant — 2 compounds; BORNEOL, LIMONENE
  33. Nematicide — 2 compounds; BORNEOL, LIMONENE
  34. P450-Inducer — 2 compounds; DELTA-CADINENE, LIMONENE
  35. Spasmogenic — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE
  36. Tranquilizer — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BORNEOL
  37. (-)-Chronotropic — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  38. (-)-Inotropic — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  39. ACE-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; GAMMA-TERPINENE
  40. AChE-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  41. Antiacetylcholine — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  42. Antiadenomic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  43. Antialzheimeran? — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  44. Antiarrhythmic — 1 compounds; MARRUBIIN
  45. Antiasthmatic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  46. Antibacillary — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE
  47. Antibronchitic — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  48. Anticancer — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  49. Anticariogenic — 1 compounds; DELTA-CADINENE
  50. Antiedemic — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE
  51. Antiescherichic — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  52. Antiesophagitic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  53. Antihelicobacter — 1 compounds; SABINENE
  54. Antilithic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  55. Antilymphomic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  56. Antimetastatic (Stomach) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  57. Antimite — 1 compounds; ALPHA-CADINOL
  58. Antimutagenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; LIMONENE
  59. Antinitrosaminic — 1 compounds; TERPINOLENE
  60. Antinociceptive — 1 compounds; MARRUBIIN
  61. Antiobesity — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  62. Antiotitic — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  63. Antipneumonic — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE
  64. Antipyretic — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  65. Antirheumatalgic — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE
  66. Antisalmonella — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  67. Antistreptococcic — 1 compounds; DELTA-CADINENE
  68. Antitumor (Breast) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  69. Antitumor (Colon) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  70. Antitumor (Pancreas) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  71. Antitumor (Prostate) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  72. Antitumor (Stomach) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  73. Antiulcer — 1 compounds; SABINENE
  74. Antiyeast — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  75. Apoptotic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  76. Arrhythmigenic — 1 compounds; MARRUBIIN
  77. Bitter — 1 compounds; MARRUBIIN
  78. Bronchoprotectant — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  79. Calcium-Antagonist — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE
  80. Candidistat — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  81. Cardioactive — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MARRUBIIN
  82. Chemopreventive — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  83. Cholesterolytic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  84. CNS-Stimulant — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  85. CNS-Toxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BORNEOL
  86. Coleoptophile — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE
  87. Cytochrome-P450-Inducer — 1 compounds; DELTA-CADINENE
  88. Deodorant — 1 compounds; TERPINOLENE
  89. Detoxicant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; LIMONENE
  90. Enterocontractant — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  91. Fungiphilic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  92. Fungistat — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  93. GST-Inducer — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  94. Hepatoprotective — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BORNEOL
  95. Histaminic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  96. Immunomodulator — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  97. Inhalant — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  98. Insect-Repellent — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  99. Insectiphile — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE
  100. Interleukin-6-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  101. Laxative — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE
  102. Lipolytic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  103. NO-Genic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  104. Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  105. Ozone-Scavenger — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  106. P450-2B1-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE
  107. Peristaltic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  108. Pheromone — 1 compounds; GERMACRENE-D
  109. Photosensitizer — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  110. Secretogogue — 1 compounds; MARRUBIIN
  111. Testosterone-Inducer — 1 compounds; DELTA-CADINENE
  112. Trichomonicide — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE

Toxic compounds

  • ALPHA-PINENE — Allergenic; Se
  • ALPHA-PINENE — Irritant; Se
  • BETA-PINENE — Allergenic; Se
  • BETA-PINENE — Irritant; Se
  • BORNEOL — CNS-Toxic; Se
  • BORNEOL — Hepatoprotective; Se
  • BORNEOL — Irritant; Se
  • GAMMA-TERPINENE — Irritant; Se
  • LIMONENE — Allergenic; Se; 1/20th carene
  • LIMONENE — Antimutagenic; Se
  • LIMONENE — Detoxicant; Se
  • LIMONENE — Irritant; Se
  • MARRUBIIN — Cardioactive; Plant
  • P-CYMENE — Irritant; Se