Lindera benzoin (Benjamin Bush)

Traditional uses

US

  • Circulation
  • Cold
  • Cough
  • Dysentery
  • Sudorific
  • Tea
  • Vermifuge

US(Appalachia)

  • Tonic
  • Tea
  • Medicine

Chemicals

Leaf

  • ALPHA-AMORPHENE — 1
  • (E)-ALPHA-BERGAMOTENE — 4
  • BICYCLOGERMACRENE — 3
  • BETA-BISABOLENE — 11
  • DELTA-CADINENE — 10
  • GAMMA-CADINENE — 3
  • CAMPHENE — 2
  • BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE — 30 to 100
  • CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE — 4
  • ALPHA-CURCUMENE — 0.2
  • BETA-ELEMENE — 0.5
  • EO — 200
  • (E)-BETA-FARNESENE — 12
  • GERMACRENE-D — 3
  • 1,6-GERMACRIENE-5-OL — 12
  • (Z)-HEXENYL-BENZOATE — 0.8
  • ALPHA-HUMULENE — 4
  • LIMONENE — 0.4
  • 6-METHYL-5-HEPTEN-2-ONE — 4 to 90
  • MYRCENE — 0.1
  • (E)-NEROLIDOL — 10 to 28
  • ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE — 0.1
  • ALPHA-PINENE — 2
  • BETA-PINENE — 2
  • SABINENE — 0.03
  • BETA-SESQUIPHELLANDRENE — 10
  • SPATHULENOL — 0.4
  • ALPHA-ZINGIBERENE — 0.3

Twig

  • BORNEOL — 13 to 15
  • CAMPHENE — 17 to 26
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — 315 to 320
  • P-CYMENE — 0 to 4
  • EO — 700
  • LIMONENE — 9 to 11
  • MYRCENE — 0 to 10
  • ALPHA-PINENE — 35 to 43
  • BETA-PINENE — 24 to 26
  • SABINENE — 41 to 54
  • ALPHA-TERPINENE — 7 to 9
  • GAMMA-TERPINENE — 20 to 21
  • ALPHA-TERPINEOL — 46 to 49
  • TERPINEN-4-OL — 26 to 29
  • TERPINOLENE — 0 to 2

Fruit

  • CAMPHENE — 22 to 40
  • DELTA-CARENE — 4 to 7
  • BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE — 60 to 135
  • P-CYMENE — 90 to 135
  • BETA-ELEMENE — 50 to 105
  • EO — 4140 to 4260
  • ISOLINDERANOLIDE
  • ISOLINDERENOLIDE
  • ISOOBTUSILACTONE
  • ISOOBTUSILACTONE-A
  • LIMONENE — 80 to 115
  • LINDERANOLIDE
  • MYRCENE — 170 to 225
  • OBTUSILACTONE
  • OBTUSILACTONE-A
  • (E)-BETA-OCIMENE — 36 to 50
  • (Z)-BETA-OCIMENE — 55 to 75
  • ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE — 2300 to 3135
  • BETA-PHELLANDRENE — 400 to 545
  • ALPHA-PINENE — 125 to 190
  • BETA-PINENE — 18 to 26
  • SABINENE — 5 to 8
  • ALPHA-TERPINENE — 4 to 6
  • TERPINOLENE — 2 to 9

Shoot Essent. Oil

  • BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE — 150000
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — 100000 to 160000
  • 6-METHYL-5-HEPTEN-2-ONE — 110000 to 160000
  • (E)-NEROLIDOL — 100000

Stem

  • LAUROTETANINE

Plant

  • RESIN
  • STARCH
  • TANNIN

Activities

  1. Pesticide — 19 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BETA-PINENE, BETA-SESQUIPHELLANDRENE, BORNEOL, CAMPHENE, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, DELTA-CADINENE, GAMMA-TERPINENE, GERMACRENE-D, LIMONENE, MYRCENE, P-CYMENE, TANNIN, TERPINEN-4-OL, TERPINOLENE
  2. FLavor — 13 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, CAMPHENE, GAMMA-TERPINENE, LIMONENE, MYRCENE, P-CYMENE, TERPINOLENE
  3. Perfumery — 13 compounds; ALPHA-HUMULENE, ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BETA-BISABOLENE, BETA-PHELLANDRENE, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, GAMMA-TERPINENE, MYRCENE, SABINENE, TERPINOLENE
  4. Antibacterial — 12 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BORNEOL, DELTA-CADINENE, LIMONENE, MYRCENE, P-CYMENE, SABINENE, TANNIN, TERPINEN-4-OL
  5. Insectifuge — 11 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, CAMPHENE, GAMMA-TERPINENE, LIMONENE, MYRCENE, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
  6. Irritant — 10 compounds; toxic activity; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, GAMMA-TERPINENE, LIMONENE, MYRCENE, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
  7. Fungicide — 9 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, BETA-PHELLANDRENE, BORNEOL, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, MYRCENE, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL, TERPINOLENE
  8. Antiinflammatory — 8 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-CURCUMENE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, LIMONENE
  9. Antispasmodic — 8 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, LIMONENE, MYRCENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
  10. Antiseptic — 7 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BETA-PINENE, LIMONENE, SABINENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
  11. Antiulcer — 7 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-ZINGIBERENE, BETA-BISABOLENE, BETA-SESQUIPHELLANDRENE, SABINENE, TANNIN, TERPINEN-4-OL
  12. Herbicide — 7 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
  13. Antiacetylcholinesterase — 6 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, GAMMA-TERPINENE, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
  14. Antifeedant — 6 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BORNEOL, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, GAMMA-TERPINENE, LIMONENE, TERPINOLENE
  15. Antioxidant — 6 compounds; CAMPHENE, GAMMA-TERPINENE, MYRCENE, TANNIN, TERPINEN-4-OL, TERPINOLENE
  16. Expectorant — 6 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PHELLANDRENE, BETA-SESQUIPHELLANDRENE, CAMPHENE, LIMONENE
  17. Sedative — 6 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BORNEOL, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE
  18. Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor — 5 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, DELTA-CADINENE, GAMMA-TERPINENE, MYRCENE
  19. Allergenic — 5 compounds; toxic activity; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, LIMONENE, MYRCENE
  20. Antitumor — 5 compounds; ALPHA-CURCUMENE, ALPHA-HUMULENE, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, LIMONENE, TANNIN
  21. Antiviral — 5 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-BISABOLENE, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE, TANNIN
  22. Insecticide — 5 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, LIMONENE
  23. Nematicide — 5 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BORNEOL, LIMONENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
  24. Spasmogenic — 5 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, BETA-PINENE, CAMPHENE
  25. Transdermal — 5 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BETA-PINENE, LIMONENE
  26. Acaricide — 4 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, GAMMA-TERPINENE, LIMONENE
  27. ACE-Inhibitor — 4 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, GAMMA-TERPINENE, MYRCENE
  28. Allelochemic — 4 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BORNEOL, LIMONENE, TERPINOLENE
  29. Allelopathic — 4 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, CAMPHENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
  30. Antiacne — 4 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, DELTA-CADINENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
  31. Anticariogenic — 4 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-TERPINEOL, DELTA-CADINENE, TANNIN
  32. Antistaphylococcic — 4 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE, BORNEOL
  33. Myorelaxant — 4 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, BORNEOL, LIMONENE, MYRCENE
  34. Analgesic — 3 compounds; BORNEOL, MYRCENE, P-CYMENE
  35. Anticancer — 3 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL, LIMONENE, TANNIN
  36. Antiflu — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE
  37. Antimutagenic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; LIMONENE, MYRCENE, TANNIN
  38. Antinitrosaminic — 3 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINENE, MYRCENE, TERPINOLENE
  39. Cancer-Preventive — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, LIMONENE, TANNIN
  40. Candidicide — 3 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, BETA-PINENE, BORNEOL
  41. P450-2B1-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, MYRCENE
  42. P450-Inducer — 3 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, DELTA-CADINENE, LIMONENE
  43. (-)-Chronotropic — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, BORNEOL
  44. (-)-Inotropic — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, BORNEOL
  45. Anthelmintic — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, TANNIN
  46. Antiallergic — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, TERPINEN-4-OL
  47. Antiasthmatic — 2 compounds; LIMONENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
  48. Antibronchitic — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, BORNEOL
  49. Antinociceptive — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, MYRCENE
  50. Antiproliferant — 2 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL, BETA-ELEMENE
  51. Antirhinoviral — 2 compounds; BETA-BISABOLENE, BETA-SESQUIPHELLANDRENE
  52. Antitussive — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, TERPINEN-4-OL
  53. Apoptotic — 2 compounds; BETA-ELEMENE, LIMONENE
  54. Carcinogenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; 1,8-CINEOLE, TANNIN
  55. Chemopreventive — 2 compounds; LIMONENE, MYRCENE
  56. Choleretic — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, BORNEOL
  57. CNS-Stimulant — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, BORNEOL
  58. Cytochrome-P450-Inducer — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, DELTA-CADINENE
  59. Hepatoprotective — 2 compounds; toxic activity; BORNEOL, TANNIN
  60. Insectiphile — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, ALPHA-PINENE
  61. Interleukin-6-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL, LIMONENE
  62. Laxative — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, P-CYMENE
  63. Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; LIMONENE, TANNIN
  64. Stomachic — 2 compounds; BETA-BISABOLENE, BETA-SESQUIPHELLANDRENE
  65. Tranquilizer — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BORNEOL
  66. Trichomonicide — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, P-CYMENE
  67. Vulnerary — 2 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL, TERPINEN-4-OL
  68. Abortifacient — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-BISABOLENE
  69. Absorbent — 1 compounds; STARCH
  70. AChE-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  71. Anesthetic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  72. Antiacetylcholine — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  73. Antiadenomic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  74. Antialzheimeran? — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  75. Antibacillary — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE
  76. Anticancer (Cervix) — 1 compounds; BETA-ELEMENE
  77. Anticatarrh — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  78. Anticholinesterase — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  79. Anticonvulsant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MYRCENE
  80. Antidiarrheic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  81. Antidote (Iodine) — 1 compounds; STARCH
  82. Antidysenteric — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  83. Antiedemic — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE
  84. Antiescherichic — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  85. Antiesophagitic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  86. Antifatigue — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  87. Antigliomic — 1 compounds; BETA-ELEMENE
  88. Antihalitosic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  89. Antihelicobacter — 1 compounds; SABINENE
  90. Antihepatotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; TANNIN
  91. AntiHIV — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  92. Antihypertensive — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  93. Antilaryngitic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  94. Antilipolytic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  95. Antilithic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  96. Antilithic? — 1 compounds; CAMPHENE
  97. Antilymphomic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  98. Antimetastatic (Stomach) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  99. Antinephritic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  100. Antinesidioblastosic — 1 compounds; STARCH
  101. Antiobesity — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  102. Antiophidic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  103. Antiotitic — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  104. Antipharyngitic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  105. Antiplaque — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  106. Antipneumonic — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE
  107. Antipyretic — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  108. Antiradicular — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  109. Antirenitic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  110. Antirheumatalgic — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE
  111. Antirheumatic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  112. Antirhinitic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  113. Antisalmonella — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  114. Antisinusitic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  115. Antistreptococcic — 1 compounds; DELTA-CADINENE
  116. Antitumor (Breast) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  117. Antitumor (Cervix) — 1 compounds; BETA-ELEMENE
  118. Antitumor (Colon) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  119. Antitumor (Pancreas) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  120. Antitumor (Prostate) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  121. Antitumor (Stomach) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  122. Antitumor-Promoter — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  123. Antiyeast — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  124. Bacteriostatic — 1 compounds; TERPINEN-4-OL
  125. Bronchoprotectant — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  126. Calcium-Antagonist — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE
  127. Candidistat — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  128. Chelator — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  129. Cholesterolytic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  130. Cicatrizant — 1 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL
  131. CNS-Toxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BORNEOL
  132. Coleoptophile — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE
  133. Convulsant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; 1,8-CINEOLE
  134. Counterirritant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; 1,8-CINEOLE
  135. Curaroid — 1 compounds; LAUROTETANINE
  136. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  137. Cytotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; LAUROTETANINE
  138. Decongestant — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  139. Degranulant — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  140. Dentifrice — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  141. Deodorant — 1 compounds; TERPINOLENE
  142. Dermal — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
  143. Detoxicant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; LIMONENE
  144. Diuretic — 1 compounds; TERPINEN-4-OL
  145. Edemagenic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  146. Emetic — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
  147. Emollient — 1 compounds; STARCH
  148. Enterocontractant — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  149. Fungiphilic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  150. Fungistat — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  151. Gastroprotective — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  152. Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  153. Gram(-)icide — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  154. Gram(+)icide — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  155. GST-Inducer — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  156. Hepatotonic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; 1,8-CINEOLE
  157. Histaminic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  158. Hypocholesterolemic? — 1 compounds; CAMPHENE
  159. Hypotensive — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  160. Hypothermic — 1 compounds; MYRCENE
  161. Hypotriglyceridemic — 1 compounds; ALPHA-CURCUMENE
  162. Immunomodulator — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  163. Immunosuppressant — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  164. Inflammatory — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  165. Inhalant — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  166. Insect-Repellent — 1 compounds; BORNEOL
  167. Lipolytic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  168. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  169. MAO-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  170. Mosquitofuge — 1 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL
  171. Motor-Depressant — 1 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL
  172. Neurotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; 1,8-CINEOLE
  173. NO-Genic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  174. Ozone-Scavenger — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  175. Pediculicide — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  176. Perfume — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  177. Peristaltic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  178. Pheromone — 1 compounds; GERMACRENE-D
  179. Photosensitizer — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
  180. Poultice — 1 compounds; STARCH
  181. Psychotropic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
  182. Renoirritant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; TERPINEN-4-OL
  183. Rubefacient — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  184. Secretogogue — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  185. Spermicide — 1 compounds; TERPINEN-4-OL
  186. Surfactant — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  187. Termiticide — 1 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINEOL
  188. Testosterone-Hydroxylase-Inducer — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
  189. Testosterone-Inducer — 1 compounds; DELTA-CADINENE
  190. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN

Toxic compounds

  • 1,8-CINEOLE — Allergenic; Shoot Essent. Oil
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — Allergenic; Twig
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — Carcinogenic; Shoot Essent. Oil
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — Carcinogenic; Twig
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — Convulsant; Shoot Essent. Oil
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — Convulsant; Twig
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — Counterirritant; Shoot Essent. Oil
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — Counterirritant; Twig
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — Hepatotonic; Shoot Essent. Oil
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — Hepatotonic; Twig
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — Irritant; Shoot Essent. Oil
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — Irritant; Twig
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — Neurotoxic; Shoot Essent. Oil
  • 1,8-CINEOLE — Neurotoxic; Twig
  • ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE — Irritant; Fruit
  • ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE — Irritant; Leaf
  • ALPHA-PINENE — Allergenic; Fruit
  • ALPHA-PINENE — Allergenic; Leaf
  • ALPHA-PINENE — Allergenic; Twig
  • ALPHA-PINENE — Irritant; Fruit
  • ALPHA-PINENE — Irritant; Leaf
  • ALPHA-PINENE — Irritant; Twig
  • BETA-BISABOLENE — Abortifacient; Leaf
  • BETA-PINENE — Allergenic; Fruit
  • BETA-PINENE — Allergenic; Leaf
  • BETA-PINENE — Allergenic; Twig
  • BETA-PINENE — Irritant; Fruit
  • BETA-PINENE — Irritant; Leaf
  • BETA-PINENE — Irritant; Twig
  • BORNEOL — CNS-Toxic; Twig
  • BORNEOL — Hepatoprotective; Twig
  • BORNEOL — Irritant; Twig
  • GAMMA-TERPINENE — Irritant; Twig
  • LAUROTETANINE — Cytotoxic; Stem
  • LIMONENE — Allergenic; Fruit; 1/20th carene
  • LIMONENE — Allergenic; Leaf; 1/20th carene
  • LIMONENE — Allergenic; Twig; 1/20th carene
  • LIMONENE — Antimutagenic; Fruit
  • LIMONENE — Antimutagenic; Leaf
  • LIMONENE — Antimutagenic; Twig
  • LIMONENE — Detoxicant; Fruit
  • LIMONENE — Detoxicant; Leaf
  • LIMONENE — Detoxicant; Twig
  • LIMONENE — Irritant; Fruit
  • LIMONENE — Irritant; Leaf
  • LIMONENE — Irritant; Twig
  • MYRCENE — Allergenic; Fruit
  • MYRCENE — Allergenic; Leaf
  • MYRCENE — Allergenic; Twig
  • MYRCENE — Anticonvulsant; Fruit
  • MYRCENE — Anticonvulsant; Leaf
  • MYRCENE — Anticonvulsant; Twig
  • MYRCENE — Antimutagenic; Fruit
  • MYRCENE — Antimutagenic; Leaf
  • MYRCENE — Antimutagenic; Twig
  • MYRCENE — Irritant; Fruit
  • MYRCENE — Irritant; Leaf
  • MYRCENE — Irritant; Twig
  • P-CYMENE — Irritant; Fruit
  • P-CYMENE — Irritant; Twig
  • TANNIN — Antihepatotoxic; Plant
  • TANNIN — Antimutagenic; Plant
  • TANNIN — Carcinogenic; Plant
  • TANNIN — Hepatoprotective; Plant
  • TERPINEN-4-OL — Irritant; Twig
  • TERPINEN-4-OL — Renoirritant; Twig