Petasites japonicus (Butterbur)

Traditional uses

Elsewhere

• Antitussive
• Expectorant

China

• Dyspnea
• Tuberculosis
• Expectorant

Japan

• Spice

Chemicals

Rhizome

• ALBOPETASIN
• 6-ANGELYLFURANOFUKINOL
• EREMOPHILINE
• FURANOJAPONIN
• S-FURANOPETASITIN
• 6-HYDROXYEREMOPHILENOLIDE
• LIGULARONE
• PETASALBIN
• ALPHA-SANTALENE
• 6-ACETYLFURANOFUKINOL
• PETASALBIN-METHYL-ETHER
• SENKIRKINE — 26
• FURANOFUKINOL
• 6-BETA-(3'-CHLORO-2'-HYDROXY-2'-METHYL-BUTYROYL-OXY)-3-BETA-8-BETA-DIHYDROXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-ALPHA-OLIDE — 0.9
• 6-BETA-8-BETA-DIHYDROXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-ALPHA-OLIDE — 1.8
• 6-BETA-ANGELOYL-OXY-3-BETA-15-EPOXY-9-BETA-15(R)-DIHYDROXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-ALPHA-OLIDE — 0.2
• 6-BETA-ANGELOYL-OXY-8-BETA-HYDROXY-3-OXOEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-ALPHA-OLIDE — 1.7
• BAKKENOLIDE-B
• EPOXYEREMOPETASINOROL — 0.3
• EREMOPETASIDIONE — 1.7
• EREMOPETASINOROL — 3.6
• EREMOPETASINORONE-A — 1.06
• EREMOPETASINORONE-B — 0.3
• EREMOPETASITENIN-A-1 — 16
• EREMOPETASITENIN-A-2 — 14
• EREMOPETASITENIN-B-1 — 5
• EREMOPETASITENIN-B-2 — 5
• EREMOSULPHOXINOLIDE-A — 1.2
• EREMOSULPHOXINOLIDE-B — 1.5
• ISOPETASIN
• PETASIPHENOL — 3.6
• PETASIPHENONE — 6
• SECO-EREMOPETASITOLIDE-B — 1.3
• SECO-EREMOPETITOLIDE-A — 0.9
• URIDINE — 0.8
• 3-BETA-6-BETA-DIHYDROXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-ALPHA-OLIDE — 0.7
• 3-BETA-8-ALPHA-DIHYDROXY-6-BETA-TIGLOYL-OXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-BETA-OLIDE — 2.8
• 3-BETA-8-BETA-DIHYDROXY-6-BETA-TIGLOYL-OXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-BETA-OLIDE — 2.8
• 3-BETA-HYDROXY-6-ALPHA-METHOXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-BETA-OLIDE — 0.8
• 3-BETA-HYDROXY-6-BETA-8-ALPHA-DIMETHOXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-BETA-OLIDE — 683
• 3-BETA-HYDROXY-6-BETA-METHOXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-BETA-OLIDE — 0.8 to 3
• 3-BETA-HYDROXY-EREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-BETA-OLIDE — 0.9
• 6-BETA-ANGELOYL-OXY-3-BETA-8-BETA-9-BETA-TRIHYDROXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-BETA-OLIDE — 1.2
• 6-BETA-ANGELOYL-OXY-3-BETA-9-ALPHA-DIHYDROXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-BETA-OLIDE — 4
• 6-BETA-ANGELOYL-OXY-3-BETA-9-BETA-DIHYDROXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-BETA-OLIDE — 2
• 6-BETA-EPOXY-ANGELOYL-OXY-3-BETA-HYDROXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-BETA-OLIDE — 0.2
• 8-BETA-HYDROXY-3-OXOEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-12,8-BETA-OLIDE — 0.4
• 3-BETA-8-ALPHA-DIHYDROXY-6-BETA-METHOXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-8-BETA-12-OLIDE — 3.5
• 3-BETA-HYDROXY-6-BETA-TIGLOYL-OXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-8-BETA-12-OLIDE — 7.3
• 2-BETA-HYDROXYEREMOPHIL-7(11)-EN-8-BETA-12-OLIDE — 0.6
• 6-BETA-ANGELOYL-OXY-3-BETA-8-ALPHA-DIHYDROXYEREMOPHILENOLIDE — 50
• 6-BETA-ANGELOYL-OXY-3-BETA-8-DIHYDROXYEREMOPHILENOLIDE — 50

Pt

• ASH — 14600 to 26545
• CALCIUM — 1030 to 18725
• BETA-CAROTENE — 0.03 to 0.5
• FAT — 400 to 7270
• FIBER — 13000 to 236360
• NIACIN — 2 to 36
• PHOSPHORUS — 120 to 2180
• RIBOFLAVIN — 0.2 to 3.6
• SODIUM — 70 to 1270
• WATER — 945000
• PROTEIN — 3900 to 70900
• KILOCALORIES — 140 to 2545
• POTASSIUM — 6550 to 11900
• CARBOHYDRATES — 19000 to 656360
• IRON — 1 to 18
• THIAMIN — 0.2 to 3.6
• ASCORBIC-ACID — 315 to 5725
• MAGNESIUM — 140 to 2545
• PETASITIN

Bud

• BAKKENOLIDE-A
• BAKKENOLIDE-C
• ANGELIC-ACID
• BAKKENOLIDE-D
• BAKKENOLIDE-B

Plant

• BARIUM — 40 to 50
• BUTYRALDEHYDE
• CALCIUM — 13000 to 14000
• CHROMIUM — 20 to 23
• COPPER — 15 to 16
• FUKINANOLIDE
• FUKINONE
• FUKINOTOXIN
• FUROEREMOPHILONE
• IODINE
• MOLYBDENUM
• PETASOSIDE
• TITANIUM — 170 to 200
• 9-ACETOXYFUKINANOLIDE
• S-JAPONIN
• LEAD
• MANGANESE — 70 to 100
• NICKEL
• PETASINOLIDES
• PHOSPHORUS — 400 to 1800
• INTEGERRIME
• ARSENIC
• BROMINE — 18 to 40
• CHLORINE — 10000 to 11000
• EREMOFUKINONE
• S-FUKINOLIDE
• IRON — 2000 to 2100
• BETA-SITOSTEROL
• ZINC — 21 to 60
• PETASITALONE
• SULFUR — 6500 to 7300
• KAEMPFEROL
• PETASINOSIDE — 5
• POTASSIUM — 35000 to 42000
• RUBIDIUM — 18 to 26
• SENECIONINE
• STRONTIUM — 36 to 160
• PETASITENINE — 97
• FUKINOLIDE
• ISOPETASIN — 160
• NEOPETASITENINE
• PETASININE — 8

Flower

• CAPRYLIC-ACID
• ISOPETASOSIDE — 32
• CAPROIC-ACID
• FUKIIC-ACID
• FUKINANOLIDE
• FUKINOLIDE
• ISOPETASIN
• NEOPETASITENINE — 60
• PETASIN
• PETASITENINE — 56
• PETASITIN — 190
• S-ISOPETASIN
• S-PETASIN
• SENKIRKINE — 1 to 2

Shoot

• NEOPETASITININE
• FURINOTOXIN
• SENKIRKINE — 1
• PETASITININE
• MELATONIN
• PETASITENINE

Root

• INULIN — 170000
• MUCILAGE
• PECTIN

Activities

1. Hypocholesterolemic — 12 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CALCIUM, CHROMIUM, COPPER, FIBER, INULIN, MAGNESIUM, MELATONIN, MUCILAGE, NIACIN, PECTIN
2. Pesticide — 12 compounds; ARSENIC, ASCORBIC-ACID, BAKKENOLIDE-A, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CAPRYLIC-ACID, CHLORINE, ISOPETASIN, KAEMPFEROL, PECTIN, SULFUR, THIAMIN, ZINC
3. Antidiabetic — 10 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CHROMIUM, COPPER, FIBER, INULIN, MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, NIACIN, PECTIN, ZINC
4. Cancer-Preventive — 9 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, FIBER, KAEMPFEROL, MUCILAGE, NIACIN, PECTIN, RIBOFLAVIN
5. Hypotensive — 9 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CALCIUM, CHROMIUM, FIBER, KAEMPFEROL, MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM, SENECIONINE, ZINC
6. Antiarthritic — 8 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE, CALCIUM, COPPER, MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, SULFUR, ZINC
7. Vasodilator — 8 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CALCIUM, FIBER, ISOPETASIN, KAEMPFEROL, MAGNESIUM, NIACIN, POTASSIUM
8. Antiosteoporotic — 7 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CALCIUM, COPPER, MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, PHOSPHORUS, ZINC
9. Antioxidant — 7 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, KAEMPFEROL, MANGANESE, MELATONIN, RIBOFLAVIN
10. Antiseptic — 7 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CAPRYLIC-ACID, CHLORINE, IODINE, KAEMPFEROL, SULFUR, ZINC
11. Antispasmodic — 7 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, ISOPETASIN, KAEMPFEROL, MAGNESIUM, NIACIN, PETASIN, POTASSIUM
12. Cardioprotective — 7 compounds; toxic activity; ASCORBIC-ACID, CHROMIUM, COPPER, FIBER, MAGNESIUM, NIACIN, POTASSIUM
13. Hypoglycemic — 7 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CHROMIUM, INULIN, MANGANESE, NIACIN, PECTIN
14. Antibacterial — 6 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CHLORINE, IODINE, KAEMPFEROL, PECTIN
15. Antifatigue — 6 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CHROMIUM, COPPER, MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM, THIAMIN
16. Antiobesity — 6 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CALCIUM, CHROMIUM, FIBER, PECTIN, ZINC
17. Antiulcer — 6 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE, FIBER, KAEMPFEROL, PECTIN, ZINC
18. Diuretic — 6 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CALCIUM, FIBER, KAEMPFEROL, MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM
19. Immunostimulant — 6 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE, INULIN, MELATONIN, PHOSPHORUS, ZINC
20. Anticataract — 5 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, NIACIN, RIBOFLAVIN, THIAMIN, ZINC
21. Antidepressant — 5 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, MELATONIN, POTASSIUM
22. Antihypertensive — 5 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CALCIUM, FIBER, MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM
23. Antiinflammatory — 5 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-SITOSTEROL, COPPER, KAEMPFEROL, MAGNESIUM
24. AntiLyme — 5 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, MAGNESIUM, NIACIN, RIBOFLAVIN, THIAMIN
25. Antimutagenic — 5 compounds; toxic activity; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, KAEMPFEROL, PECTIN
26. Antisyndrome-X — 5 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CHROMIUM, MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, ZINC
27. Antitumor — 5 compounds; BAKKENOLIDE-A, BETA-CAROTENE, FIBER, KAEMPFEROL, SENECIONINE
28. Antiviral — 5 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CHLORINE, IODINE, KAEMPFEROL
29. Fungicide — 5 compounds; CAPRYLIC-ACID, CHLORINE, IODINE, KAEMPFEROL, PECTIN
30. Immunomodulator — 5 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CHROMIUM, COPPER, MAGNESIUM, ZINC
31. Laxative — 5 compounds; CALCIUM, FIBER, INULIN, MAGNESIUM, SULFUR
32. Antiacne — 4 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, CHROMIUM, SULFUR, ZINC
33. Antiaggregant — 4 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, KAEMPFEROL, MAGNESIUM, MELATONIN
34. Antialcoholic — 4 compounds; MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, THIAMIN, ZINC
35. Antiallergic — 4 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CALCIUM, KAEMPFEROL, NIACIN
36. Antialzheimeran — 4 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, NIACIN, THIAMIN, ZINC
37. Antiatherosclerotic — 4 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CALCIUM, CHROMIUM, MAGNESIUM
38. Antidementia — 4 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, NIACIN, THIAMIN, ZINC
39. Antiepileptic — 4 compounds; MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE, NIACIN, ZINC
40. Antihangover — 4 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, NIACIN, THIAMIN, ZINC
41. Antiherpetic — 4 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CHLORINE, KAEMPFEROL, THIAMIN
42. Antiinsomniac — 4 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, MELATONIN, ZINC
43. Antimigraine — 4 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, MAGNESIUM, RIBOFLAVIN, THIAMIN
44. AntiPMS — 4 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE
45. Antiradicular — 4 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE, KAEMPFEROL, MELATONIN
46. Antirheumatic — 4 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE, CALCIUM, ZINC
47. Antistress — 4 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM
48. Anxiolytic — 4 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM
49. Analgesic — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, THIAMIN, ZINC
50. Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, FIBER, POTASSIUM
51. Antiaging — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE, CHROMIUM
52. Antianemic — 3 compounds; COPPER, IRON, MANGANESE
53. Antiarrhythmic — 3 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM
54. Antiasthmatic — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE, MAGNESIUM
55. Anticanker — 3 compounds; IRON, THIAMIN, ZINC
56. Anticervicaldysplasic — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE, RIBOFLAVIN
57. AntiCFS — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CHROMIUM, MAGNESIUM
58. Anticlimacteric — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM
59. Anticonvulsant — 3 compounds; toxic activity; MAGNESIUM, MELATONIN, NIACIN
60. Anticoronary — 3 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, MAGNESIUM, ZINC
61. Antidecubitic — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, RIBOFLAVIN, THIAMIN
62. Antidote (Lead) — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CALCIUM, CHROMIUM
63. Antifeedant — 3 compounds; BAKKENOLIDE-A, BETA-SITOSTEROL, ISOPETASIN
64. Antigastritic — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, PECTIN, THIAMIN
65. Antihistaminic — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, KAEMPFEROL, NIACIN
66. Antilithic — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, MAGNESIUM, PECTIN
67. Antimaculitic — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE, ZINC
68. Antimenopausal — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM
69. Antiperiodontitic — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CALCIUM, ZINC
70. Antiplaque — 3 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, MAGNESIUM, ZINC
71. AntiRaynaud's — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, MAGNESIUM, NIACIN
72. Antitumor (Lung) — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-CAROTENE, BETA-SITOSTEROL
73. Apoptotic — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-SITOSTEROL, KAEMPFEROL
74. Calcium-Antagonist — 3 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, ISOPETASIN, MAGNESIUM
75. Candidicide — 3 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, CAPRYLIC-ACID, CHLORINE
76. Carcinogenic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; KAEMPFEROL, PETASITENINE, SENKIRKINE
77. COX-2-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, KAEMPFEROL, MELATONIN
78. Hepatoprotective — 3 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-SITOSTEROL, KAEMPFEROL, NIACIN
79. Insulinogenic — 3 compounds; CHROMIUM, MAGNESIUM, ZINC
80. Irritant — 3 compounds; toxic activity; BUTYRALDEHYDE, CAPROIC-ACID, CAPRYLIC-ACID
81. Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, KAEMPFEROL
82. Allergenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-CAROTENE, NIACIN
83. Anorexic — 2 compounds; ARSENIC, BETA-SITOSTEROL
84. AntiAGE — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CHROMIUM
85. Antianginal — 2 compounds; MAGNESIUM, NIACIN
86. Antianorectic — 2 compounds; MAGNESIUM, THIAMIN
87. Antianxiety — 2 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM
88. Anticancer — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, KAEMPFEROL
89. Anticephalagic — 2 compounds; MAGNESIUM, RIBOFLAVIN
90. Anticheilitic — 2 compounds; IRON, RIBOFLAVIN
91. Anticold — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, ZINC
92. Anticolitic — 2 compounds; THIAMIN, ZINC
93. AntiCrohn's — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, ZINC
94. Antidandruff — 2 compounds; SULFUR, ZINC
95. Antidiarrheic — 2 compounds; INULIN, PECTIN
96. Antidote (Aluminum) — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, CALCIUM
97. Antidote (Cadmium) — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, ZINC
98. Antieczemic — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, ZINC
99. Antiedemic — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-SITOSTEROL
100. Antiencephalopathic — 2 compounds; THIAMIN, ZINC
101. Antiendometriotic — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, MAGNESIUM
102. Antifertility — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, KAEMPFEROL
103. Antifibrotic — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, ZINC
104. Antigallstone — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, PECTIN
105. Antigingivitic — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, KAEMPFEROL
106. Antiglaucomic — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, MAGNESIUM
107. Antigonadotrophic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, MELATONIN
108. Antihyperkinetic — 2 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM
109. Antiinfertility — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, ZINC
110. Antilepric — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, ZINC
111. Antileukemic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, KAEMPFEROL
112. Antilymphomic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, ZINC
113. Antimetastatic — 2 compounds; PECTIN, ZINC
114. Antineuralgic — 2 compounds; NIACIN, THIAMIN
115. Antineuropathic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; THIAMIN, ZINC
116. Antiosteoarthritic — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, SULFUR
117. Antiparkinsonian — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, NIACIN
118. Antipellagric — 2 compounds; NIACIN, RIBOFLAVIN
119. Antiphotophobic — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, RIBOFLAVIN
120. Antipoliomyelitic — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, THIAMIN
121. Antiprostatitic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, ZINC
122. Antipyretic — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, BETA-SITOSTEROL
123. Antistroke — 2 compounds; MAGNESIUM, POTASSIUM
124. Antitriglyceride — 2 compounds; CHROMIUM, ZINC
125. Antitumor (Breast) — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, BETA-SITOSTEROL
126. Antitumor (Colon) — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, PECTIN
127. Antitumor (Prostate) — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, PECTIN
128. Beta-Blocker — 2 compounds; FIBER, POTASSIUM
129. Chemopreventive — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, PECTIN
130. Collagenic — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, ZINC
131. Contraceptive — 2 compounds; COPPER, MELATONIN
132. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, MELATONIN
133. Cytotoxic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; BAKKENOLIDE-A, KAEMPFEROL
134. Demulcent — 2 compounds; MUCILAGE, PECTIN
135. Estrogenic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, KAEMPFEROL
136. Gonadotrophic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, MELATONIN
137. Hepatotoxic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; NIACIN, SENECIONINE
138. Hypolipidemic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, NIACIN
139. Insectifuge — 2 compounds; BAKKENOLIDE-A, THIAMIN
140. Mucogenic — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, ZINC
141. Neuroprotective — 2 compounds; toxic activity; KAEMPFEROL, THIAMIN
142. Prooxidant — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, IRON
143. Protisticide — 2 compounds; IODINE, KAEMPFEROL
144. Sedative — 2 compounds; ANGELIC-ACID, NIACIN
145. Serotoninergic — 2 compounds; MELATONIN, NIACIN
146. Thyrotropic — 2 compounds; IODINE, MELATONIN
147. Tranquilizer — 2 compounds; CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM
148. Ubiquiot — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, BETA-SITOSTEROL
149. Vulnerary — 2 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID, ZINC
150. 11B-HSD-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
151. 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
152. Acarifuge — 1 compounds; SULFUR
153. ACE-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ZINC
154. Acidulant — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
155. Acnegenic — 1 compounds; IODINE
156. Alcohol-Dehydrogenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; INULIN
157. Amphiglycemic? — 1 compounds; CHROMIUM
158. Anaphrodisiac — 1 compounds; MELATONIN
159. Androgenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
160. Androgenic? — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
161. Angiogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
162. Antiacrodermatitic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; ZINC
163. Antiacrodynic — 1 compounds; NIACIN
164. Antiadenomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
165. Antiadrenalinic — 1 compounds; NICKEL
166. Antiaflatoxin — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
167. Antiakathisic — 1 compounds; IRON
168. Antialopecic — 1 compounds; ZINC
169. Antiamblyopic — 1 compounds; NIACIN
170. Antiandrogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
171. Antiangiogenic — 1 compounds; ZINC
172. Antianorexic — 1 compounds; ZINC
173. Antiarabiflavinotic — 1 compounds; RIBOFLAVIN
174. Antiatheromic — 1 compounds; PECTIN
175. Antibackache — 1 compounds; THIAMIN
176. Antiberiberi — 1 compounds; THIAMIN
177. AntiBPH — 1 compounds; ZINC
178. Anticancer (Breast) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
179. Anticancer (Cervix) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
180. Anticancer (Esophagus)? — 1 compounds; MOLYBDENUM
181. Anticancer (Lung) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
182. Anticarcinomic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-CAROTENE
183. Anticardiospasmic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; THIAMIN
184. Anticarpal-Tunnel — 1 compounds; RIBOFLAVIN
185. Antichilblain — 1 compounds; NIACIN
186. Anticirrhotic? — 1 compounds; NICKEL
187. Anticoeliac — 1 compounds; ZINC
188. Anticolitic? — 1 compounds; INULIN
189. Anticorneotic — 1 compounds; CHROMIUM
190. AntiCTS — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
191. Antideliriant — 1 compounds; THIAMIN
192. Antidermatitic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; NIACIN
193. Antidiscotic — 1 compounds; MANGANESE
194. Antidote (Paraquat) — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
195. Antidysgeuzic — 1 compounds; ZINC
196. Antidyskinetic — 1 compounds; MANGANESE
197. Antidysmenorrheic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
198. Antidyspeptic — 1 compounds; THIAMIN
199. Antidysphagic — 1 compounds; NIACIN
200. Antiencephalitic — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
201. Antienteritic — 1 compounds; PECTIN
202. Antienterotic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
203. Antiestrogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
204. Antifibromyalgic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
205. Antifuruncular — 1 compounds; ZINC
206. Antigastrotic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
207. Antiglossitic — 1 compounds; RIBOFLAVIN
208. Antiglycosuric — 1 compounds; CHROMIUM
209. Antigoiter — 1 compounds; IODINE
210. Antigrey — 1 compounds; SULFUR
211. Antiheartburn — 1 compounds; THIAMIN
212. Antihemorrhagic — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
213. Antihepatitic — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
214. Antihepatotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; ASCORBIC-ACID
215. Antiherpetic? — 1 compounds; ZINC
216. AntiHIV — 1 compounds; ZINC
217. Antihyperactivity — 1 compounds; NIACIN
218. Antihyperkeratotic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
219. Antihyperlipoproteinaemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
220. Antihypoglycemic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
221. Antiichythyotic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
222. Antiimplantation — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
223. Antiimpotence — 1 compounds; ZINC
224. Antiinfective — 1 compounds; ZINC
225. Antiinsomnic — 1 compounds; NIACIN
226. Antikeratitic — 1 compounds; RIBOFLAVIN
227. Antileukonychic — 1 compounds; ZINC
228. Antileukoplakic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
229. Antilipoperoxidant — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
230. Antilupus — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
231. Antilymphocytic — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
232. Antimastalgic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
233. Antimastitic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
234. Antimeasles — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
235. AntiMeniere's — 1 compounds; NIACIN
236. Antimenorrhagic — 1 compounds; IRON
237. Antimitral-valve-prolapse — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
238. AntiMS — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
239. Antimyocarditic — 1 compounds; THIAMIN
240. Antinephrolytic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MAGNESIUM
241. Antineuramidase — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
242. Antineurasthenic — 1 compounds; THIAMIN
243. Antineuritic — 1 compounds; THIAMIN
244. Antineurotic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MAGNESIUM
245. Antinitrosic — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
246. Antinociceptive — 1 compounds; COPPER
247. Antinyctalopic — 1 compounds; ZINC
248. Antiobesity? — 1 compounds; INULIN
249. Antiophidic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
250. Antiorchitic — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
251. Antiosteoporotic? — 1 compounds; INULIN
252. Antiototic — 1 compounds; MANGANESE
253. Antiozenic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
254. Antipapillomic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
255. Antiparotitic — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
256. Antiperiodontic — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
257. Antipityriasic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
258. Antipneumonic — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
259. Antipodriac — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
260. Antiporphyric — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
261. Antiprogestational — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
262. Antiprolactin — 1 compounds; ZINC
263. Antiproliferant — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
264. Antiprostaglandin — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
265. Antiprostatadenomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
266. Antipsoriac — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
267. Antiretinopathic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
268. Antiretinotic — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
269. Antirhinitic — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
270. Antiscorbutic — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
271. Antiscotomic — 1 compounds; NIACIN
272. Antiseborrheic — 1 compounds; SULFUR
273. Antiserotonin — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
274. Antishingles — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
275. Antispare-Tire — 1 compounds; ZINC
276. Antispasmophilic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
277. Antistaphylococcic — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
278. Antistomatitic — 1 compounds; ZINC
279. Antithyreotropic — 1 compounds; MELATONIN
280. Antithyrotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; IODINE
281. Antitic — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
282. Antitinnitic — 1 compounds; ZINC
283. Antitumor (Cervix) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
284. Antitumor (CNS) — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
285. Antitumor (Esophagus)? — 1 compounds; MOLYBDENUM
286. Antitumor (Gastric) — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
287. Antitumor (Stomach) — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
288. Antitumor-Promoter — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
289. Antitussive — 1 compounds; PECTIN
290. Antivertigo — 1 compounds; NIACIN
291. Antiviral? — 1 compounds; ZINC
292. Antixerophthalmic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
293. Aphrodisiac — 1 compounds; MELATONIN
294. Aromatase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
295. Artemicide — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
296. Asthma-preventive — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
297. Astringent — 1 compounds; ZINC
298. Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
299. Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
300. Bifidogenic — 1 compounds; INULIN
301. Calcium-Channel-Blocker — 1 compounds; CALCIUM
302. cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
303. Cardiotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; POTASSIUM
304. Caspase-8-Inducer — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
305. Chemopreventive (Breast Cancer) — 1 compounds; INULIN
306. Chemopreventive (Colon Cancer) — 1 compounds; INULIN
307. Choleretic — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
308. Circulotonic — 1 compounds; NIACIN
309. CNS-Depressant — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
310. Cold-preventive — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
311. Colorant — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
312. Comedogenic — 1 compounds; SULFUR
313. Copper-Antagonist — 1 compounds; ZINC
314. Copper-Chelator — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
315. COX-1-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
316. Deodorant — 1 compounds; ZINC
317. Depressant — 1 compounds; MELATONIN
318. Dermatitigenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; IODINE
319. Detoxicant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; ASCORBIC-ACID
320. Detoxicant (Alcohol) — 1 compounds; toxic activity; ZINC
321. Diaphoretic? — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
322. Energizer — 1 compounds; CHROMIUM
323. Ergogenic — 1 compounds; ZINC
324. Expectorant — 1 compounds; INULIN
325. Febrifuge — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
326. Fibrinolytic — 1 compounds; NIACIN
327. Fistula-Preventive — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
328. GABA-nergic — 1 compounds; MELATONIN
329. Gastroprotective — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
330. Gastrostimulant — 1 compounds; INULIN
331. Goitrogenic — 1 compounds; IODINE
332. Hemostat — 1 compounds; PECTIN
333. HIV-RT-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
334. Hypertensive — 1 compounds; SODIUM
335. Hyperthyroid — 1 compounds; IODINE
336. Hypnotic — 1 compounds; MELATONIN
337. Hypothermic — 1 compounds; MELATONIN
338. Hypouricemic — 1 compounds; FIBER
339. ICAM-1-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
340. Immunosuppressant — 1 compounds; ZINC
341. iNOS-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
342. Inotropic — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
343. Insulin-Sparing — 1 compounds; NICKEL
344. Interferon-Synergist — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
345. Interferonogenic — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
346. Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
347. JNK-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
348. Keratolytic — 1 compounds; SULFUR
349. Leptingenic — 1 compounds; ZINC
350. Lipolytic — 1 compounds; INULIN
351. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
352. Lithogenic — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
353. Litholytic — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
354. MAO-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
355. Memorigenic — 1 compounds; CHROMIUM
356. Mucolytic — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
357. Mutagenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; KAEMPFEROL
358. Myorelaxant — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
359. Narcotic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BUTYRALDEHYDE
360. Natriuretic — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
361. Neurotransmitter — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MAGNESIUM
362. NF-kB-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ZINC
363. NO-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
364. Osteogenic — 1 compounds; PHOSPHORUS
365. PAF-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
366. Parasiticide — 1 compounds; SULFUR
367. Peristaltic — 1 compounds; PECTIN
368. Phagocytotic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
369. Prebiotic — 1 compounds; INULIN
370. Probiotic — 1 compounds; INULIN
371. Probiotigenic — 1 compounds; INULIN
372. Progesteronigenic — 1 compounds; MELATONIN
373. Quinone-Reductase-Inducer — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
374. Scabicide — 1 compounds; SULFUR
375. Schizophrenigenic — 1 compounds; COPPER
376. Spermicide — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
377. Spermigenic — 1 compounds; ZINC
378. Teratologic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; KAEMPFEROL
379. Testosteronigenic — 1 compounds; ZINC
380. Thymoprotective — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
381. TNF-alpha-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
382. Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
383. Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
384. Trichomonicide — 1 compounds; ZINC
385. Tyrosinase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
386. Ulcerogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
387. Uricosuric — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
388. Urinary-Acidulant — 1 compounds; ASCORBIC-ACID
389. Uterorelaxant — 1 compounds; MAGNESIUM
390. Uterotrophic — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL

Toxic compounds

• ASCORBIC-ACID — Antihepatotoxic; Pt
• ASCORBIC-ACID — Antimutagenic; Pt
• ASCORBIC-ACID — Cardioprotective; Pt
• ASCORBIC-ACID — Detoxicant; Pt
• BAKKENOLIDE-A — Cytotoxic; Bud
• BETA-CAROTENE — Allergenic; Pt
• BETA-CAROTENE — Anticarcinomic; Pt
• BETA-CAROTENE — Antimutagenic; Pt
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — Antimutagenic; Plant; 250 ug/ml
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — Hepatoprotective; Plant
• BUTYRALDEHYDE — Irritant; Plant
• BUTYRALDEHYDE — Narcotic; Plant
• CAPROIC-ACID — Irritant; Flower
• CAPRYLIC-ACID — Irritant; Flower
• CHROMIUM — Cardioprotective; Plant
• COPPER — Cardioprotective; Plant
• FIBER — Cardioprotective; Pt
• IODINE — Antithyrotoxic; Plant
• IODINE — Dermatitigenic; Plant
• KAEMPFEROL — Antimutagenic; Plant; ID50=10-40 nM
• KAEMPFEROL — Carcinogenic; Plant
• KAEMPFEROL — Cytotoxic; Plant
• KAEMPFEROL — Hepatoprotective; Plant; IC50=5.46 uM
• KAEMPFEROL — Mutagenic; Plant
• KAEMPFEROL — Neuroprotective; Plant
• KAEMPFEROL — Teratologic; Plant
• MAGNESIUM — Anticonvulsant; Pt
• MAGNESIUM — Antinephrolytic; Pt
• MAGNESIUM — Antineurotic; Pt
• MAGNESIUM — Cardioprotective; Pt
• MAGNESIUM — Neurotransmitter; Pt
• MELATONIN — Anticonvulsant; Shoot; 25 ug/gerbil/scu
• NIACIN — Allergenic; Pt
• NIACIN — Anticonvulsant; Pt; 3 g/day
• NIACIN — Antidermatitic; Pt
• NIACIN — Cardioprotective; Pt
• NIACIN — Hepatoprotective; Pt
• NIACIN — Hepatotoxic; Pt
• PECTIN — Antimutagenic; Root
• PETASITENINE — Carcinogenic; Flower
• PETASITENINE — Carcinogenic; Plant
• PETASITENINE — Carcinogenic; Shoot
• POTASSIUM — Cardioprotective; Plant; 3,000-5,000 mg
• POTASSIUM — Cardioprotective; Pt; 3,000-5,000 mg
• POTASSIUM — Cardiotoxic; Plant; 18,000 mg/man/day
• POTASSIUM — Cardiotoxic; Pt; 18,000 mg/man/day
• SENECIONINE — Hepatotoxic; Plant
• SENKIRKINE — Carcinogenic; Flower
• SENKIRKINE — Carcinogenic; Rhizome
• SENKIRKINE — Carcinogenic; Shoot
• THIAMIN — Anticardiospasmic; Pt
• THIAMIN — Antineuropathic; Pt; 50 mg
• THIAMIN — Neuroprotective; Pt
• ZINC — Antiacrodermatitic; Plant; 8-34 mg/day/orl/chd
• ZINC — Antineuropathic; Plant
• ZINC — Detoxicant (Alcohol); Plant