Piper methysticum (Kava-Kava)

Traditional uses

Oceania

• Antiseptic
• Diuretic
• Expectorant
• Narcotic
• Stimulant
• Urogenital

Turkey

• Antiseptic
• Aphrodisiac
• Diuretic
• Intoxicant
• Tonic
• Sudorific
• Anodyne
• Stimulant

Southseas

• Sedative

Elsewhere

• Diuretic

Chemicals

Plant

• CINNAMIC-ACID
• DIHYDROKAWAIN
• DIHYDROKAWAIN-5-OL
• FLAVOKAWIN-A
• KAWAINIC-ACID
• 3,4-(METHYLENE-DIOXY)CINNAMYLIDENACETOL
• METHYSTICIN
• 5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDROYANGONIN
• BENZOIC-ACID
• DESMETHOXYYANGONIN
• 5-DIHYDROYANGONIN
• CINNAMYLIDENACETOL
• PIPERMETHYSTINE
• 2',4'-DIMETHYLCHALCONARINGENIN
• 11-METHOXYYANGONIN
• DEHYDROMETHYSTICIN
• DEMETHOXYYANGONIN
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN
• FLAVOKAWIN-B
• KAWAIN
• TETRAHYDROYANGONIN
• 5,6-DEHYDROKAWAIN
• 7-8-DIHYDROKAWAIN
• CINNAMIC-ACID-PYRROLIDIDE
• DIMETHOXYKAVAIN
• FLAVOKAVIN-A
• FLAVOKAVIN-B
• FLAVOKAVIN-C
• HYDROXYKAWAIN
• M-METHOXYCINNAMIC-ACID-PYRROLIDIDE
• STIGMASTEN-4,3,6-DIONE
• STIGMASTENDIONE
• YANGONIN-I
• YANGONIN-II
• YANGONIN-III
• 11-HYDROXY-12-METHOXYDIHYDROKAWAIN
• YANGONIN
• FLAVOKAWAIN-C — 200

Rhizome

• 11-METHOXYNORYANGONIN
• 11-METHOXYYANGONIN
• 5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDROYANGONIN
• 7-8-DIHYDROKAWAIN
• BETA-SITOSTEROL
• CAMPESTEROL
• CHOLESTEROL
• DEMETHOXYYANGONIN
• DIHYDROKAWAIN — 6000 to 10500
• DIHYDROKAWAIN-5-OL
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — 5000 to 8500
• DOCOSAN-1-OL
• EICOSAN-1-OL
• FLAVOKAWIN-B
• FLAVOKAWIN-C
• METHYSTICIN — 12000 to 13400
• OCTADECAN-1-OL
• STIGMASTANOL
• TETRACOSAN-1-OL
• TETRADECAN-1-OL
• TRANS-PHYTOL
• YANGOININ
• YANGONIN — 6800 to 10000
• (+)-5-6-7-8-TETRAHYDROYANGONIN — 3
• 11,12-DIMETHOXYDIHYDROKAWAIN
• DODECAN-1-OL
• FLAVOKAWIN-A
• HEXADECAN-1-OL
• KAWAIN — 9300 to 12000
• STIGMASTEROL
• ANISIC-ACID
• BENZOIC-ACID
• CAPRONIC-ACID
• CINNAMIC-ACID
• CINNAMIC-ACID-PYRROLIDIDE
• CINNAMALACETONE
• DESMETHOXYYANGONIN — 10000
• HYDROXYCINNAMIC-ACID
• P-METHOXY-PHENYL-ACETIC-ACID
• METHYLENE-DIOXY-3,4-CINNAMAOYLACETONE
• PHENYLACETIC-ACID
• 4-OXO-N-NANANOIC-ACID
• 2-METHOXYCINNAMIC-ACID-PYRROLIDIDE

Resin, Exudate, Sap

• 3-4-METHYLENEDIOXY-CINNAMYLIDENEACETONE — 25450
• CINNAMALACETONE — 64550
• DEHYDROKAWAIN — 11100
• FLAVOKAWIN-A — 1620
• KAWAIN — 33800
• YANGONIN — 43300
• FLAVOKAWIN-B — 1400
• METHYSTICIN — 22200

Leaf

• BETA-SITOSTEROL
• DEMETHOXYYANGONIN
• DIHYDROKAWAIN
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN
• FLAVOKAWIN-A
• FLAVOKAWIN-B
• KAWAIN
• METHYSTICIN — 7100
• PIPERMETHYSTINE — 1700
• 5,6-DEHYDROKAWAIN
• YANGONIN

Root

• CEPHARADIONE-A — 2
• COMPOUND-A — 90
• DEHYDROKAWAIN
• DEMETHOXYYANGONIN
• FLAVOKAWIN-A
• FLAVOKAWIN-C
• KAWAIN — 306
• YANGONIN — 280
• 11-HYDROXY-YANGONIN
• 5,6-DIHYDROYANGONIN
• 7,8-DIHYDROYANGONIN
• ASH — 32000
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — 166000
• CINNAMALAKETONE
• DOCOSANOL — 2000
• EICOSANOL — 2100
• FIBER — 200000
• FRUCTOSE
• GLUCOSE
• HEXADECANOL — 3600
• KAVALACTONES — 30000 to 200000
• MALTOSE
• METHYLENE-DIOXY-3,4-CINNAMAOYLKETONE
• OCTADECANOL — 5300
• PROTEIN — 36000
• STARCH — 430000
• SUCROSE
• SUGARS — 32000
• TETRACOSANOL — 3200
• TRANS-PHYTOL — 10500
• WATER — 120000
• DIHYDROKAWAIN — 740
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — 160
• METHYSTICIN — 140
• TETRAHYDROYANGONIN
• 11,12-DIMETHOXYDIHYDROKAWAIN — 22
• 11-HYDROXY-12-METHOXYDIHYDROKAWAIN — 9
• CINNAMIC-ACID-BORNYL-ESTER — 300
• 5,7-DIMETHOXYFLAVONE — 40
• FLAVOKAVIN-A
• FLAVOKAVIN-B
• FLAVOKAWAIN — 200
• OXALIC-ACID
• PINOSTROBIN — 70
• RESIN — 53000
• RESINIC-ACID — 233000
• 3,4-METHYLENE-DIOXYCINNAMIC-ACID-BORNYL-ESTER — 30
• 11-METHOXY-12-HYDROXY-DEHYDROKAWAIN

Stem

• DEHYDROKAWAIN
• DEMETHOXYYANGONIN
• DIHYDROKAWAIN
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN
• KAWAIN
• METHYSTICIN
• TETRAHYDROYANGONIN
• YANGONIN

Activities

1. Antiinflammatory — 12 compounds; 3,4-METHYLENE-DIOXYCINNAMIC-ACID-BORNYL-ESTER, 5,7-DIMETHOXYFLAVONE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CINNAMIC-ACID, CINNAMIC-ACID-BORNYL-ESTER, DIHYDROKAWAIN, DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN, PINOSTROBIN, STIGMASTEROL, YANGONIN
2. Anesthetic — 8 compounds; 5,6-DEHYDROKAWAIN, BENZOIC-ACID, CINNAMIC-ACID, DIHYDROKAWAIN, DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN, YANGONIN
3. Pesticide — 8 compounds; ANISIC-ACID, BENZOIC-ACID, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CINNAMIC-ACID, KAWAIN, OXALIC-ACID, PINOSTROBIN, YANGONIN
4. Antipyretic — 7 compounds; BENZOIC-ACID, BETA-SITOSTEROL, DIHYDROKAWAIN, DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN, YANGONIN
5. Antispasmodic — 6 compounds; CINNAMIC-ACID, DIHYDROKAWAIN, DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN, YANGONIN
6. Sedative — 6 compounds; DIHYDROKAWAIN, DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN, STIGMASTEROL, YANGONIN
7. Antibacterial — 5 compounds; ANISIC-ACID, BENZOIC-ACID, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CINNAMIC-ACID, YANGONIN
8. Anticonvulsant — 5 compounds; toxic activity; 5,6-DEHYDROKAWAIN, DIHYDROKAWAIN, DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN
9. Antinociceptive — 5 compounds; DIHYDROKAWAIN, DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN, STIGMASTEROL
10. Antioxidant — 5 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, CAMPESTEROL, CHOLESTEROL, STIGMASTEROL, SUCROSE
11. Cancer-Preventive — 5 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, CINNAMIC-ACID, EICOSANOL, FIBER, STIGMASTEROL
12. MAO-B-Inhibitor — 5 compounds; DIHYDROKAWAIN, DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN, YANGONIN
13. Myorelaxant — 5 compounds; DIHYDROKAWAIN, DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN, YANGONIN
14. Analgesic — 4 compounds; DIHYDROKAWAIN, DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN
15. Antidote (Strychnine) — 4 compounds; DIHYDROKAWAIN, DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN
16. Antiseptic — 4 compounds; ANISIC-ACID, BENZOIC-ACID, KAWAIN, OXALIC-ACID
17. CNS-Depressant — 4 compounds; DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN, YANGONIN
18. Endoanesthetic — 4 compounds; DIHYDROKAWAIN, DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN
19. FLavor — 4 compounds; BENZOIC-ACID, CINNAMIC-ACID, HEXADECANOL, PHENYLACETIC-ACID
20. Fungicide — 4 compounds; BENZOIC-ACID, CINNAMIC-ACID, KAWAIN, PINOSTROBIN
21. Hypocholesterolemic — 4 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, CAMPESTEROL, FIBER, STIGMASTEROL
22. Antidiabetic — 3 compounds; FIBER, FRUCTOSE, MALTOSE
23. Antiedemic — 3 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, GLUCOSE, KAWAIN
24. COX-1-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; 3,4-METHYLENE-DIOXYCINNAMIC-ACID-BORNYL-ESTER, CINNAMIC-ACID-BORNYL-ESTER, PINOSTROBIN
25. COX-2-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; 3,4-METHYLENE-DIOXYCINNAMIC-ACID-BORNYL-ESTER, CINNAMIC-ACID-BORNYL-ESTER, PINOSTROBIN
26. Laxative — 3 compounds; CINNAMIC-ACID, FIBER, FRUCTOSE
27. Neuroprotective — 3 compounds; toxic activity; DIHYDROKAWAIN, DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, METHYSTICIN
28. Sweetener — 3 compounds; FRUCTOSE, MALTOSE, SUCROSE
29. Tyrosinase-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; ANISIC-ACID, BENZOIC-ACID, CINNAMIC-ACID
30. Allergenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; BENZOIC-ACID, CINNAMIC-ACID
31. Antifibrillary — 2 compounds; KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN
32. Antihepatotoxic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; GLUCOSE, STIGMASTEROL
33. Antiischemic — 2 compounds; DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN, METHYSTICIN
34. Antiketotic — 2 compounds; FRUCTOSE, GLUCOSE
35. Antimutagenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-SITOSTEROL, CINNAMIC-ACID
36. Antiophidic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, STIGMASTEROL
37. Antiprostaglandin — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, KAWAIN
38. Antisalmonella — 2 compounds; ANISIC-ACID, BENZOIC-ACID
39. Antithromboxane — 2 compounds; 5,6-DEHYDROKAWAIN, KAWAIN
40. Antiulcer — 2 compounds; 5,6-DEHYDROKAWAIN, FIBER
41. Antiviral — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, STIGMASTEROL
42. Artemicide — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, STIGMASTEROL
43. Choleretic — 2 compounds; BENZOIC-ACID, CINNAMIC-ACID
44. Dermatitigenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; CINNAMIC-ACID, DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN
45. Estrogenic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, STIGMASTEROL
46. Neurotoxic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; KAWAIN, METHYSTICIN
47. Vulnerary — 2 compounds; BENZOIC-ACID, SUCROSE
48. Absorbent — 1 compounds; STARCH
49. Acaricide — 1 compounds; OXALIC-ACID
50. Acetylcholinergic — 1 compounds; GLUCOSE
51. Aggregant — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
52. Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; CINNAMIC-ACID
53. Amebicide — 1 compounds; YANGONIN
54. Androgenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
55. Angiogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
56. Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker — 1 compounds; FIBER
57. Anorexic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
58. Antiadenomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
59. Antiaggregant — 1 compounds; KAWAIN
60. Antialcoholic — 1 compounds; FRUCTOSE
61. Antiandrogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
62. Antiarachidonate — 1 compounds; KAWAIN
63. Anticancer (Breast) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
64. Anticancer (Cervix) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
65. Anticancer (Lung) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
66. Antidote (Iodine) — 1 compounds; STARCH
67. Antiepileptic — 1 compounds; DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN
68. Antiestrogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
69. Antifeedant — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
70. Antifertility — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
71. Antigonadotrophic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
72. Antihangover — 1 compounds; FRUCTOSE
73. Antihiccup — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
74. Antihyperlipoproteinaemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
75. Antihypertensive — 1 compounds; FIBER
76. Antileukemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
77. Antilymphomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
78. Antimycotic — 1 compounds; KAWAIN
79. Antinauseant — 1 compounds; FRUCTOSE
80. Antinesidioblastosic — 1 compounds; STARCH
81. Antiobesity — 1 compounds; FIBER
82. Antiophthalmic — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
83. Antiotitic — 1 compounds; BENZOIC-ACID
84. Antiplatelet — 1 compounds; 5,6-DEHYDROKAWAIN
85. Antiprogestational — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
86. Antiprostatadenomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
87. Antiprostatitic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
88. Antirheumatic — 1 compounds; ANISIC-ACID
89. Antithrombotic — 1 compounds; KAWAIN
90. Antitumor — 1 compounds; FIBER
91. Antitumor (Breast) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
92. Antitumor (Cervix) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
93. Antitumor (Lung) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
94. Antivaricose — 1 compounds; GLUCOSE
95. Antiyeast — 1 compounds; BENZOIC-ACID
96. Anxiolytic — 1 compounds; KAWAIN
97. Apoptotic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
98. Aromatase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; PINOSTROBIN
99. Atherogenic — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
100. Beta-Blocker — 1 compounds; FIBER
101. Candidicide — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
102. Cardioprotective — 1 compounds; toxic activity; FIBER
103. Caspase-8-Inducer — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
104. CNS-Paralytic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; OXALIC-ACID
105. Collyrium — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
106. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAWAIN
107. Demulcent — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
108. Diuretic — 1 compounds; FIBER
109. Emollient — 1 compounds; STARCH
110. Expectorant — 1 compounds; BENZOIC-ACID
111. Fatal — 1 compounds; OXALIC-ACID
112. Febrifuge — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
113. Flatugenic — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
114. Fungistat — 1 compounds; DIHYDROKAWAIN
115. Gonadotrophic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
116. Hemostatic — 1 compounds; OXALIC-ACID
117. Hepatoprotective — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-SITOSTEROL
118. Herbicide — 1 compounds; CINNAMIC-ACID
119. Hypercholesterolemic — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
120. Hyperglycemic — 1 compounds; GLUCOSE
121. Hypoglycemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
122. Hypolipidemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
123. Hypotensive — 1 compounds; FIBER
124. Hypouricemic — 1 compounds; FIBER
125. Insectifuge — 1 compounds; BENZOIC-ACID
126. Irritant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; OXALIC-ACID
127. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; CINNAMIC-ACID
128. Memory-Enhancer — 1 compounds; GLUCOSE
129. Neoplastic — 1 compounds; FRUCTOSE
130. Ovulant — 1 compounds; STIGMASTEROL
131. Perfumery — 1 compounds; PHENYLACETIC-ACID
132. Phytoalexin — 1 compounds; BENZOIC-ACID
133. Poultice — 1 compounds; STARCH
134. Preservative — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
135. Psychoactive — 1 compounds; METHYSTICIN
136. Renotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; OXALIC-ACID
137. Spermicide — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
138. Tranquilizer — 1 compounds; KAWAIN
139. Triglycerigenic — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
140. Ubiquiot — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
141. Ulcerogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
142. Uricogenic — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
143. Uricosuric — 1 compounds; BENZOIC-ACID
144. Varroacide — 1 compounds; OXALIC-ACID
145. Vasodilator — 1 compounds; FIBER
146. Vermifuge — 1 compounds; CINNAMIC-ACID

Toxic compounds

• 5,6-DEHYDROKAWAIN — Anticonvulsant; Leaf
• 5,6-DEHYDROKAWAIN — Anticonvulsant; Plant
• BENZOIC-ACID — Allergenic; Plant
• BENZOIC-ACID — Allergenic; Rhizome
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — Antimutagenic; Leaf; 250 ug/ml
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — Antimutagenic; Rhizome; 250 ug/ml
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — Antimutagenic; Root; 250 ug/ml
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — Hepatoprotective; Leaf
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — Hepatoprotective; Rhizome
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — Hepatoprotective; Root
• CINNAMIC-ACID — Allergenic; Plant
• CINNAMIC-ACID — Allergenic; Rhizome
• CINNAMIC-ACID — Antimutagenic; Plant
• CINNAMIC-ACID — Antimutagenic; Rhizome
• CINNAMIC-ACID — Dermatitigenic; Plant
• CINNAMIC-ACID — Dermatitigenic; Rhizome
• DIHYDROKAWAIN — Anticonvulsant; Leaf
• DIHYDROKAWAIN — Anticonvulsant; Plant
• DIHYDROKAWAIN — Anticonvulsant; Rhizome
• DIHYDROKAWAIN — Anticonvulsant; Root
• DIHYDROKAWAIN — Anticonvulsant; Stem
• DIHYDROKAWAIN — Neuroprotective; Leaf
• DIHYDROKAWAIN — Neuroprotective; Plant
• DIHYDROKAWAIN — Neuroprotective; Rhizome
• DIHYDROKAWAIN — Neuroprotective; Root
• DIHYDROKAWAIN — Neuroprotective; Stem
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Anticonvulsant; Leaf; ED50 140 mg/kg orl mus
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Anticonvulsant; Plant; ED50 140 mg/kg orl mus
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Anticonvulsant; Rhizome; ED50 140 mg/kg orl mus
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Anticonvulsant; Root; ED50 140 mg/kg orl mus
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Anticonvulsant; Stem; ED50 140 mg/kg orl mus
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Dermatitigenic; Leaf
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Dermatitigenic; Plant
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Dermatitigenic; Rhizome
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Dermatitigenic; Root
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Dermatitigenic; Stem
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Neuroprotective; Leaf; 10-30 mg/kg ivn mus
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Neuroprotective; Plant; 10-30 mg/kg ivn mus
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Neuroprotective; Rhizome; 10-30 mg/kg ivn mus
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Neuroprotective; Root; 10-30 mg/kg ivn mus
• DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN — Neuroprotective; Stem; 10-30 mg/kg ivn mus
• FIBER — Cardioprotective; Root
• GLUCOSE — Antihepatotoxic; Root
• KAWAIN — Anticonvulsant; Leaf
• KAWAIN — Anticonvulsant; Plant
• KAWAIN — Anticonvulsant; Resin, Exudate, Sap
• KAWAIN — Anticonvulsant; Rhizome
• KAWAIN — Anticonvulsant; Root
• KAWAIN — Anticonvulsant; Stem
• KAWAIN — Neurotoxic; Leaf
• KAWAIN — Neurotoxic; Plant
• KAWAIN — Neurotoxic; Resin, Exudate, Sap
• KAWAIN — Neurotoxic; Rhizome
• KAWAIN — Neurotoxic; Root
• KAWAIN — Neurotoxic; Stem
• METHYSTICIN — Anticonvulsant; Leaf
• METHYSTICIN — Anticonvulsant; Plant
• METHYSTICIN — Anticonvulsant; Resin, Exudate, Sap
• METHYSTICIN — Anticonvulsant; Rhizome
• METHYSTICIN — Anticonvulsant; Root
• METHYSTICIN — Anticonvulsant; Stem
• METHYSTICIN — Neuroprotective; Leaf; 10-30 mg/kg ivn mus
• METHYSTICIN — Neuroprotective; Plant; 10-30 mg/kg ivn mus
• METHYSTICIN — Neuroprotective; Resin, Exudate, Sap; 10-30 mg/kg ivn mus
• METHYSTICIN — Neuroprotective; Rhizome; 10-30 mg/kg ivn mus
• METHYSTICIN — Neuroprotective; Root; 10-30 mg/kg ivn mus
• METHYSTICIN — Neuroprotective; Stem; 10-30 mg/kg ivn mus
• METHYSTICIN — Neurotoxic; Leaf
• METHYSTICIN — Neurotoxic; Plant
• METHYSTICIN — Neurotoxic; Resin, Exudate, Sap
• METHYSTICIN — Neurotoxic; Rhizome
• METHYSTICIN — Neurotoxic; Root
• METHYSTICIN — Neurotoxic; Stem
• OXALIC-ACID — CNS-Paralytic; Root
• OXALIC-ACID — Irritant; Root
• OXALIC-ACID — Renotoxic; Root
• STIGMASTEROL — Antihepatotoxic; Rhizome