Plantago ovata (Blond Psyllium)

Traditional uses

Iraq

• Amebiasis
• Dysentery
• Laxative
• Poultice

India(Santal)

• Anodyne
• Bronchitis

Elsewhere

• Bladder
• Cough
• Demulcent
• Emollient
• Kidney
• Styptic
• Swelling
• Urethritis
• Rheumatism
• Amebiasis
• Cold
• Dysentery
• Gastritis
• Laxative

Turkey

• Diarrhea

India

• Dysentery

Chemicals

Seed

• L-ASPARAGINE
• AUCUBIN
• FAT — 50000 to 51000
• D-GALACTURONIC-ACID
• LINOLEIC-ACID — 13000 to 24375
• OLEIC-ACID — 8000 to 19470
• RHAMNOSE — 70000
• STEARIC-ACID — 1300 to 3450
• D-XYLOSE
• URONIC-ACID
• XYLOSE — 460000 to 800000
• L-ARABINOSE — 140000
• BEHENIC-ACID — 1300
• GALACTOSE
• LIGNOCERIC-ACID — 400
• MYRISTIC-ACID — 1300
• L-RHAMNOSE
• MUCILAGE — 100000 to 300000
• LINOLENIC-ACID — 511 to 1500
• DL-ALANINE
• ALPHA-AMYRIN
• BETA-AMYRIN
• AUCUBIN-GLUCOSIDE
• CAMPESTEROL
• FRUCTOSE
• GLUCOSE
• GLUTAMIC-ACID
• GLYCINE
• INDICAINE
• DL-NORLEUCINE
• L-LYSINE
• PLATAGONINE
• BETA-SITOSTEROL
• SUCROSE
• DL-VALINE
• (-)-L-ASPARAGINE
• L-CYSTINE
• PALMITIC-ACID — 1300 to 5500
• PLANTEOSE
• STIGMASTEROL
• TYROSINE
• ALDOBIURONIC-ACID
• ARABINOXYLANS — 170000 to 255000
• INDICAININE
• PHYTOSTEROLS
• (+)-BOSCHNIAKINE
• (+)-BOSCHNIAKINIC-ACID

Plant

• INDICAMINE
• 4-O-METHYL-GLUCURONIC-ACID
• TANNINS
• VALINE
• STEROL

Seed Coat

• N-DOCOSANE
• ISODOTRIACONTANE
• N-EICOSANE
• N-HENTRIACONTANE
• ISOHEPTADECANE
• N-HEPTADECANE
• N-HEXACOSANE
• ANTE-ISOHEXADECANE
• LINOLENIC-ACID
• MYRISTIC-ACID
• ISONONACOSANE
• N-NONACOSANE
• ISOOCTADECANE
• N-OCTADECANE
• PALMITIC-ACID
• ISOPENTACOSANE
• N-PENTACOSANE
• STEARIC-ACID
• N-TETRACOSANE
• N-TRIACONTANE
• N-TRICOSANE
• ISOTRITRIACONTANE
• N-TRITRIACONTANE
• ISOHENTRIACONTANE
• ISOHEXADECANE
• LINOLEIC-ACID
• N-DOTRIACONTANE
• N-HENEICOSANE
• N-HEPTACOSANE
• N-HEXADECANE
• N-NONADECANE
• OLEIC-ACID
• ANTE-ISO-OCTADECANE
• MUCILAGE

Endosperm

• FIXED-OIL — 88000

Seed Oil

• LINOLEIC-ACID — 534000
• 9-OXO-OCTADEC-CIS-12-ENOIC-ACID
• OLEIC-ACID — 254000
• ISORICINOLEIC-ACID

Leaf

• LUTEOLIN

Activities

1. Antiinflammatory — 9 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN, AUCUBIN, BETA-AMYRIN, BETA-SITOSTEROL, LINOLEIC-ACID, LUTEOLIN, N-HENTRIACONTANE, OLEIC-ACID, STIGMASTEROL
2. Cancer-Preventive — 9 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, GLYCINE, LINOLEIC-ACID, LUTEOLIN, MUCILAGE, MYRISTIC-ACID, OLEIC-ACID, STIGMASTEROL, TYROSINE
3. Hypocholesterolemic — 9 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, CAMPESTEROL, LINOLEIC-ACID, LUTEOLIN, MUCILAGE, OLEIC-ACID, PHYTOSTEROLS, STEARIC-ACID, STIGMASTEROL
4. Antioxidant — 8 compounds; AUCUBIN, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CAMPESTEROL, LUTEOLIN, MYRISTIC-ACID, PALMITIC-ACID, STIGMASTEROL, SUCROSE
5. Hepatoprotective — 6 compounds; toxic activity; ALPHA-AMYRIN, AUCUBIN, BETA-AMYRIN, BETA-SITOSTEROL, LINOLEIC-ACID, LUTEOLIN
6. Antiedemic — 5 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN, AUCUBIN, BETA-AMYRIN, BETA-SITOSTEROL, GLUCOSE
7. Pesticide — 5 compounds; AUCUBIN, BETA-SITOSTEROL, LUTEOLIN, N-HEXACOSANE, PALMITIC-ACID
8. 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor — 4 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID, OLEIC-ACID, PALMITIC-ACID, STEARIC-ACID
9. Antiandrogenic — 4 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, LINOLEIC-ACID, OLEIC-ACID, PALMITIC-ACID
10. Antinociceptive — 4 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN, BETA-AMYRIN, LUTEOLIN, STIGMASTEROL
11. Antiprostatitic — 4 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, GLUTAMIC-ACID, GLYCINE, LINOLEIC-ACID
12. Antiulcer — 4 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN, BETA-AMYRIN, GLYCINE, TYROSINE
13. Cosmetic — 4 compounds; BEHENIC-ACID, MYRISTIC-ACID, N-HENTRIACONTANE, STEARIC-ACID
14. FLavor — 4 compounds; OLEIC-ACID, PALMITIC-ACID, STEARIC-ACID, VALINE
15. Propecic — 4 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID, OLEIC-ACID, PALMITIC-ACID, STEARIC-ACID
16. Antialopecic — 3 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID, OLEIC-ACID, PALMITIC-ACID
17. Antibacterial — 3 compounds; AUCUBIN, BETA-SITOSTEROL, LUTEOLIN
18. Antiencephalopathic — 3 compounds; GLYCINE, TYROSINE, VALINE
19. Antihepatotoxic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; GLUCOSE, LIGNOCERIC-ACID, STIGMASTEROL
20. Antileukemic — 3 compounds; AUCUBIN, BETA-SITOSTEROL, LUTEOLIN
21. Antimutagenic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-SITOSTEROL, LUTEOLIN, N-NONACOSANE
22. Antiviral — 3 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, LUTEOLIN, STIGMASTEROL
23. Diuretic — 3 compounds; AUCUBIN, LUTEOLIN, N-HENTRIACONTANE
24. Estrogenic — 3 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, LUTEOLIN, STIGMASTEROL
25. Hypercholesterolemic — 3 compounds; MYRISTIC-ACID, PALMITIC-ACID, SUCROSE
26. Insectifuge — 3 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN, LINOLEIC-ACID, OLEIC-ACID
27. Lubricant — 3 compounds; MYRISTIC-ACID, PALMITIC-ACID, STEARIC-ACID
28. Nematicide — 3 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID, MYRISTIC-ACID, PALMITIC-ACID
29. Sweetener — 3 compounds; FRUCTOSE, GALACTOSE, SUCROSE
30. Analgesic — 2 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN, BETA-AMYRIN
31. Antidiabetic — 2 compounds; FRUCTOSE, XYLOSE
32. Antiestrogenic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, LUTEOLIN
33. Antifeedant — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, LUTEOLIN
34. Antifibrinolytic — 2 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID, PALMITIC-ACID
35. Antihistaminic — 2 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID, LUTEOLIN
36. Antiketotic — 2 compounds; FRUCTOSE, GLUCOSE
37. Antileukotriene-D4 — 2 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID, OLEIC-ACID
38. Antilymphomic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, LUTEOLIN
39. Antiophidic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, STIGMASTEROL
40. Antitumor — 2 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN, LUTEOLIN
41. Antitumor (Lung) — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, LUTEOLIN
42. Apoptotic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, LUTEOLIN
43. Artemicide — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, STIGMASTEROL
44. Candidicide — 2 compounds; AUCUBIN, BETA-SITOSTEROL
45. Choleretic — 2 compounds; LUTEOLIN, OLEIC-ACID
46. Cytotoxic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; ALPHA-AMYRIN, LUTEOLIN
47. Demulcent — 2 compounds; MUCILAGE, SUCROSE
48. Gastroprotective — 2 compounds; ALPHA-AMYRIN, BETA-AMYRIN
49. Laxative — 2 compounds; AUCUBIN, FRUCTOSE
50. Perfumery — 2 compounds; OLEIC-ACID, STEARIC-ACID
51. Uricosuric — 2 compounds; AUCUBIN, GLYCINE
52. Acetylcholinergic — 1 compounds; GLUCOSE
53. Aggregant — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
54. Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
55. Allergenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; OLEIC-ACID
56. Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; OLEIC-ACID
57. Androgenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
58. Anemiagenic — 1 compounds; OLEIC-ACID
59. Angiogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
60. Anorexic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
61. Antiacid — 1 compounds; GLYCINE
62. Antiacne — 1 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID
63. Antiadenomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
64. Antialcoholic — 1 compounds; FRUCTOSE
65. Antialdosteronic — 1 compounds; GLYCINE
66. Antialkali? — 1 compounds; GLUTAMIC-ACID
67. Antiallergic — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
68. Antianaphylactic — 1 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID
69. Antiangiogenic — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
70. Antiarteriosclerotic — 1 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID
71. Antiarthritic — 1 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID
72. Antiatherogenic — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
73. Anticancer (Breast) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
74. Anticancer (Cervix) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
75. Anticancer (Lung) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
76. Anticarcinogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; LUTEOLIN
77. Anticarcinomic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; LUTEOLIN
78. Anticataract — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
79. Anticomplementary — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
80. Anticoronary — 1 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID
81. Antidepressant? — 1 compounds; TYROSINE
82. Antidermatic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; LUTEOLIN
83. Antidote (Amanitin) — 1 compounds; AUCUBIN
84. Antidote (Hypoglycin-A) — 1 compounds; GLYCINE
85. Antieczemic — 1 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID
86. Antiepileptic — 1 compounds; GLUTAMIC-ACID
87. Antifertility — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
88. Antigastritic — 1 compounds; GLYCINE
89. Antigonadotrophic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
90. Antigranular — 1 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID
91. Antihangover — 1 compounds; FRUCTOSE
92. Antiherpetic — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
93. Antihiccup — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
94. AntiHIV — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
95. Antihyperammonemic — 1 compounds; GLUTAMIC-ACID
96. Antihyperlipoproteinaemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
97. Antilithic — 1 compounds; GLUTAMIC-ACID
98. Antimelanomic — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
99. Antimenorrhagic — 1 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID
100. AntiMS — 1 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID
101. Antinauseant — 1 compounds; FRUCTOSE
102. Antiophthalmic — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
103. Antiparkinsonian — 1 compounds; TYROSINE
104. Antiphenylketonuric — 1 compounds; TYROSINE
105. Antipolio — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
106. Antiprogestational — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
107. Antiprolactin — 1 compounds; AUCUBIN
108. Antiproliferant — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
109. Antiprostaglandin — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
110. Antiprostatadenomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
111. Antiprostatotic — 1 compounds; PHYTOSTEROLS
112. Antipruritic — 1 compounds; GLYCINE
113. Antipyretic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
114. Antiretardation — 1 compounds; GLUTAMIC-ACID
115. Antisickling — 1 compounds; GLYCINE
116. Antispasmodic — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
117. Antistaphylococcic — 1 compounds; AUCUBIN
118. Antitumor (brain) — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
119. Antitumor (Breast) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
120. Antitumor (Cervix) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
121. Antitumor (Colon) — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
122. Antitumor (Kidney) — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
123. Antitumor (Ovary) — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
124. Antitumor (Pancreas) — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
125. Antitumor (Skin) — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
126. Antitumor (Stomach) — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
127. Antitumor (Thyroid) — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
128. Antitussive — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
129. Antivaricose — 1 compounds; GLUCOSE
130. Anxiolytic — 1 compounds; GLUTAMIC-ACID
131. Aphidifuge — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
132. Aromatase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
133. Atherogenic — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
134. Bacteristat — 1 compounds; N-HEXACOSANE
135. Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
136. Calcium-Antagonist — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
137. Carcinogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; LINOLEIC-ACID
138. Caspase-8-Inducer — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
139. Cathartic — 1 compounds; AUCUBIN
140. Chemopreventive — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
141. Collagenic — 1 compounds; AUCUBIN
142. Collyrium — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
143. Comedolytic — 1 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID
144. Deiodinase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
145. Dermatitigenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; OLEIC-ACID
146. Diagnostic — 1 compounds; XYLOSE
147. Differentiator — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
148. Dye — 1 compounds; XYLOSE
149. Essential — 1 compounds; VALINE
150. Febrifuge — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
151. Flatugenic — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
152. Gonadotrophic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
153. Hemolytic — 1 compounds; PALMITIC-ACID
154. Hyaluronidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
155. Hyperglycemic — 1 compounds; GLUCOSE
156. Hypoglycemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
157. Hypolipidemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
158. ICAM-1-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
159. IKK-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
160. Immunomodulator — 1 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID
161. iNOS-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
162. Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
163. Irritant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; OLEIC-ACID
164. Lactagogue — 1 compounds; AUCUBIN
165. Larvicide — 1 compounds; BETA-AMYRIN
166. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
167. MAPK-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
168. Memory-Enhancer — 1 compounds; GLUCOSE
169. Metalloproteinase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
170. Metastatic — 1 compounds; LINOLEIC-ACID
171. MMP-9-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
172. Monoamine-Precursor — 1 compounds; TYROSINE
173. Mosquitocide — 1 compounds; BETA-AMYRIN
174. Myorelaxant — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
175. Neoplastic — 1 compounds; FRUCTOSE
176. NEP-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
177. Neuroinhibitor — 1 compounds; toxic activity; GLYCINE
178. Neurotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; GLUTAMIC-ACID
179. NF-kB-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
180. NO-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
181. Ovulant — 1 compounds; STIGMASTEROL
182. Paralytic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; AUCUBIN
183. Percutaneostimulant — 1 compounds; OLEIC-ACID
184. Preservative — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
185. Proliferant — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
186. Prostaglandin-Synthetase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
187. Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
188. PTK-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
189. RNA-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; AUCUBIN
190. Sedative — 1 compounds; STIGMASTEROL
191. Soap — 1 compounds; PALMITIC-ACID
192. Spermicide — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
193. Succinoxidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
194. Suppository — 1 compounds; STEARIC-ACID
195. TNF-alpha-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
196. Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
197. Triglycerigenic — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
198. Ubiquiot — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
199. Ulcerogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
200. Uricogenic — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
201. Vasodilator — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
202. VEGF-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN
203. Vulnerary — 1 compounds; SUCROSE
204. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUTEOLIN

Toxic compounds

• ALPHA-AMYRIN — Cytotoxic; Seed; 50-400
• ALPHA-AMYRIN — Hepatoprotective; Seed
• AUCUBIN — Hepatoprotective; Seed
• AUCUBIN — Paralytic; Seed
• BETA-AMYRIN — Hepatoprotective; Seed
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — Antimutagenic; Seed; 250 ug/ml
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — Hepatoprotective; Seed
• GLUCOSE — Antihepatotoxic; Seed
• GLUTAMIC-ACID — Neurotoxic; Seed
• GLYCINE — Neuroinhibitor; Seed
• LIGNOCERIC-ACID — Antihepatotoxic; Seed
• LINOLEIC-ACID — Carcinogenic; Seed
• LINOLEIC-ACID — Carcinogenic; Seed Coat
• LINOLEIC-ACID — Carcinogenic; Seed Oil
• LINOLEIC-ACID — Hepatoprotective; Seed
• LINOLEIC-ACID — Hepatoprotective; Seed Coat
• LINOLEIC-ACID — Hepatoprotective; Seed Oil
• LUTEOLIN — Anticarcinogenic; Leaf
• LUTEOLIN — Anticarcinomic; Leaf
• LUTEOLIN — Antidermatic; Leaf
• LUTEOLIN — Antimutagenic; Leaf; ID50=2-5 nM
• LUTEOLIN — Cytotoxic; Leaf; 1-50 uM
• LUTEOLIN — Hepatoprotective; Leaf
• N-NONACOSANE — Antimutagenic; Seed Coat
• OLEIC-ACID — Allergenic; Seed
• OLEIC-ACID — Allergenic; Seed Coat
• OLEIC-ACID — Allergenic; Seed Oil
• OLEIC-ACID — Dermatitigenic; Seed
• OLEIC-ACID — Dermatitigenic; Seed Coat
• OLEIC-ACID — Dermatitigenic; Seed Oil
• OLEIC-ACID — Irritant; Seed
• OLEIC-ACID — Irritant; Seed Coat
• OLEIC-ACID — Irritant; Seed Oil
• STIGMASTEROL — Antihepatotoxic; Seed