Podophyllum hexandrum (Himalayan Mayapple)

Traditional uses

Nepal

• Cholagogue
• Stimulant(Hepatic)

Elsewhere

• Condyloma
• Emetic
• Mitogenic
• Purgative
• Tumor
• Alterative
• Cholagogueue
• Tonic
• Wart

India

• Intoxicant

Chemicals

Rhizome

• ASTRAGALIN
• DEHYDROPODOPHYLLOTOXIN
• 4'-DEMETHYLDEOXYPODOPHYLLOTOXIN-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
• 4'-DEMETHYLPODOPHYLLOTOXIN-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
• EO — 2590 to 5550
• 1-0-(BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL)-PICROPODOPHYLLIN
• PICROPODOPHYLLIN
• PODOPHYLLOL
• PODOPHYLLOTOXIN-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
• QUERCETIN — 5600 to 12000
• WAX — 6020 to 12900
• BERBERINE
• 4'-DEMETHYLPODOPHYLLOTOXIN
• KAEMPFEROL
• PODOPHYLLOTOXIN — 22400 to 81000
• RESIN — 60000 to 200000

Trichome

• ALPHA-PELTATIN

Leaf

• RESIN — 78000 to 97000

Activities

1. Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor — 6 compounds; 4'-DEMETHYLPODOPHYLLOTOXIN, ALPHA-PELTATIN, BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, PODOPHYLLOTOXIN, QUERCETIN
2. Antiherpetic — 5 compounds; ALPHA-PELTATIN, BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, PODOPHYLLOTOXIN, QUERCETIN
3. Antiviral — 5 compounds; ALPHA-PELTATIN, BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, PODOPHYLLOTOXIN, QUERCETIN
4. Pesticide — 5 compounds; ALPHA-PELTATIN, BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, PODOPHYLLOTOXIN, QUERCETIN
5. Antileukemic — 4 compounds; ASTRAGALIN, KAEMPFEROL, PODOPHYLLOTOXIN, QUERCETIN
6. Antitumor — 4 compounds; ALPHA-PELTATIN, KAEMPFEROL, PODOPHYLLOTOXIN, QUERCETIN
7. Fungicide — 4 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, PODOPHYLLOTOXIN, QUERCETIN
8. Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; ASTRAGALIN, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
9. Antiaggregant — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
10. Antibacterial — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
11. Antihistaminic — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
12. Antiinflammatory — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
13. Antispasmodic — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
14. Antiulcer — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
15. COX-2-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
16. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
17. Cytotoxic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
18. Hepatoprotective — 3 compounds; toxic activity; ALPHA-PELTATIN, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
19. Hypotensive — 3 compounds; ASTRAGALIN, BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL
20. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
21. Mutagenic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
22. Vasodilator — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
23. 11B-HSD-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
24. 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
25. Abortifacient — 2 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE, PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
26. Analgesic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
27. Antiaflatoxin — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
28. Antiallergic — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
29. Antialzheimeran — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
30. Antiangiogenic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
31. Antiarthritic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
32. Anticancer — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL
33. Anticariogenic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
34. Antifertility — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
35. Antihepatotoxic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; PICROPODOPHYLLIN, QUERCETIN
36. Antileishmanic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
37. Antimalarial — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
38. Antimeasles — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PELTATIN, PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
39. Antimelanomic — 2 compounds; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN, QUERCETIN
40. Antimitotic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
41. Antimutagenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
42. Antioxidant — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
43. Antiperistaltic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
44. Antipharyngitic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
45. Antiplaque — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
46. Antiplasmodial — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
47. Antiradicular — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
48. Antiseptic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL
49. Antistaphylococcic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL
50. Antitrypanosomic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
51. Antitumor (Breast) — 2 compounds; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN, QUERCETIN
52. Antitumor (Colon) — 2 compounds; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN, QUERCETIN
53. Antitumor (Lung) — 2 compounds; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN, QUERCETIN
54. Antitumor-Promoter — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
55. Apoptotic — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
56. cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
57. Cancer-Preventive — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
58. Candidicide — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
59. Carcinogenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
60. Choleretic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL
61. Copper-Chelator — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
62. Diaphoretic? — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
63. Diuretic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL
64. Estrogenic — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
65. Hemostat — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
66. HIV-RT-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
67. Hypoglycemic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
68. Immunostimulant — 2 compounds; ASTRAGALIN, BERBERINE
69. iNOS-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
70. Inotropic — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
71. Juvabional — 2 compounds; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN, QUERCETIN
72. Larvicide — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
73. Neuroprotective — 2 compounds; toxic activity; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
74. NO-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
75. Plasmodicide — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
76. Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, QUERCETIN
77. Protisticide — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, KAEMPFEROL
78. Purgative — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PELTATIN, PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
79. Quinone-Reductase-Inducer — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
80. Teratologic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
81. TNF-alpha-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
82. Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
83. Tyrosinase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN
84. (+)-Inotropic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
85. ACE-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ASTRAGALIN
86. Adrenolytic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
87. Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
88. Allelochemic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
89. Allergenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; QUERCETIN
90. Amebicide — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
91. Anesthetic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
92. Antiacetylcholinesterase — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
93. Antiacne — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
94. Antiadrenergic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
95. Antiaging — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
96. Antiamnesic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
97. Antianaphylactic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
98. Antiarrhythmic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
99. Antiasthmatic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
100. Antiatherosclerotic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
101. Antibacillus — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
102. Antibiotic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
103. Anticarcinomic (Breast) — 1 compounds; toxic activity; QUERCETIN
104. Anticataract — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
105. Antichlamydial — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
106. Anticholecystitic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
107. Anticholera — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
108. Anticirrhotic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
109. Anticolitic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
110. Anticomplementary — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
111. Anticondylomata — 1 compounds; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
112. Anticonjunctivitic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
113. Anticonvulsant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
114. AntiCrohn's — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
115. Anticystitic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
116. Antidepressant — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
117. Antidermatitic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; QUERCETIN
118. Antidiabetic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
119. Antidiarrheic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
120. Antidysenteric — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
121. Antiedemic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
122. Antielastase — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
123. Antiencephalitic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
124. Antiendotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
125. Antienterotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
126. Antiescherichic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
127. Antiesherichic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
128. Antiestrogenic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
129. Antifeedant — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
130. Antifibrosarcomic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
131. Antiflu — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
132. Antigastric — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
133. Antigiardial — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
134. Antigingivitic — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
135. Antiglaucomic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
136. Antigonadotropic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
137. Antigonorrhea — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
138. AntiGTF — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
139. Antihepatomic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
140. Antihepatotic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
141. AntiHIV — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
142. Antihydrophobic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
143. Antihypertensive — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
144. Antiimplantation — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
145. Antiischemic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
146. Antileukotriene — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
147. Antilipogenic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
148. Antilipoperoxidant — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
149. Antilymphocytic — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
150. Antimetastatic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
151. Antimuscarinic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
152. Antimyalgic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
153. Antimycotic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
154. Antimyocarditic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
155. Antineoplastic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
156. Antinephritic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
157. Antinitrosaminic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
158. Antinociceptive — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
159. Antipancreatitic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
160. Antiperiodontal — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
161. Antiperiodontic — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
162. Antipermeability — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
163. Antiperoxidant — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
164. Antiphotooxidative — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
165. AntiPMS — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
166. Antipneumonic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
167. Antipodriac — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
168. Antipolio — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
169. Antiproliferant — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
170. Antiprostanoid — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
171. Antiprostatitic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
172. Antipsoriac — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
173. Antipyretic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
174. Antisalmonella — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
175. Antisarcomic — 1 compounds; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
176. Antisecretory — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
177. Antiserotonin — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
178. Antishigellic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
179. Antispermigenic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
180. Antistrep — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
181. Antistreptococcic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
182. Antisyphilitic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
183. Antithiamin — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
184. Antithrombic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
185. Antitrachomic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
186. Antitubercular — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
187. Antitumor (Bladder) — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
188. Antitumor (brain) — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
189. Antitumor (Ovary) — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
190. Antitumor (Skin) — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
191. Antivaginitic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
192. Aromatase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
193. Astringent — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
194. ATPase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
195. Bacteristat — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
196. Bilirubinolytic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
197. Bradycardiac — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
198. Calcium-Antagonist — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
199. Calmodulin-Antagonist — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
200. Capillariprotective — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
201. Cardiodepressant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
202. Cardiotonic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
203. Carminative — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
204. Catabolic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
205. Cathartic — 1 compounds; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
206. Cholagogue — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
207. Cholekinetic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
208. Collyrium — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
209. COMT-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
210. Cytochrome-P450-1A2-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
211. Deiodinase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
212. Differentiator — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
213. Digestive — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
214. Embryocide — 1 compounds; toxic activity; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
215. Emetic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
216. Expectorant — 1 compounds; ASTRAGALIN
217. Glaucomagenic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
218. Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
219. Hepatomagenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; QUERCETIN
220. Herbicide — 1 compounds; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
221. Hypocholesterolemic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
222. ICAM-1-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
223. Insecticide — 1 compounds; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
224. Insulinogenic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
225. Iodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
226. Irritant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
227. JNK-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
228. Lachrymatory — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
229. Larvistat — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
230. Leucocytogenic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
231. Lipase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
232. MAO-A-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
233. MAO-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
234. Mast-Cell-Stabilizer — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
235. Metal-Chelator (Copper) — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
236. Metalloproteinase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
237. MMP-9-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
238. Mycobactericide — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
239. Mydriatic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
240. Myocardiodepressant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
241. Myorelaxant — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
242. NADH-Oxidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
243. Natriuretic — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
244. NEP-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
245. NF-kB-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
246. NO-Synthase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
247. Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
248. P450-Inducer — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
249. P450-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
250. PAF-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
251. PGE2-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
252. Phospholipase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
253. Phototoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
254. Piscicide — 1 compounds; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN
255. Proliferant — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
256. Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
257. PTK-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
258. Respiradepressant — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
259. RNA-Depressant — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
260. RT-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
261. Sedative — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
262. Stomachic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
263. Trichomonicide — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
264. Trypanocide — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
265. Tumorigenic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
266. Tyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
267. Uterocontractant — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
268. Uterotonic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
269. Uterotrophic — 1 compounds; KAEMPFEROL
270. Vagostimulant — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
271. Vasoconstrictor — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
272. VEGF-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
273. Vermifuge — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
274. Vibriofuge — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
275. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN

Toxic compounds

• ALPHA-PELTATIN — Hepatoprotective; Trichome
• BERBERINE — Abortifacient; Rhizome
• BERBERINE — Anticonvulsant; Rhizome
• BERBERINE — Antiendotoxic; Rhizome
• BERBERINE — Antienterotoxic; Rhizome
• BERBERINE — Antihepatomic; Rhizome
• BERBERINE — Antihepatotic; Rhizome
• BERBERINE — Cardiodepressant; Rhizome
• BERBERINE — Cardiotonic; Rhizome
• BERBERINE — Cytotoxic; Rhizome
• BERBERINE — Mutagenic; Rhizome
• BERBERINE — Myocardiodepressant; Rhizome
• BERBERINE — Phototoxic; Rhizome; 9 ppm
• KAEMPFEROL — Antimutagenic; Rhizome; ID50=10-40 nM
• KAEMPFEROL — Carcinogenic; Rhizome
• KAEMPFEROL — Cytotoxic; Rhizome
• KAEMPFEROL — Hepatoprotective; Rhizome; IC50=5.46 uM
• KAEMPFEROL — Mutagenic; Rhizome
• KAEMPFEROL — Neuroprotective; Rhizome
• KAEMPFEROL — Teratologic; Rhizome
• PICROPODOPHYLLIN — Antihepatotoxic; Rhizome
• PODOPHYLLOTOXIN — Abortifacient; Rhizome
• PODOPHYLLOTOXIN — Embryocide; Rhizome
• PODOPHYLLOTOXIN — Irritant; Rhizome
• QUERCETIN — Allergenic; Rhizome
• QUERCETIN — Anticarcinomic (Breast); Rhizome; IC50=1.5 uM
• QUERCETIN — Antidermatitic; Rhizome
• QUERCETIN — Antihepatotoxic; Rhizome
• QUERCETIN — Antimutagenic; Rhizome; ID50=2-5 nM
• QUERCETIN — Carcinogenic; Rhizome; 40,000 ppm (diet) mus
• QUERCETIN — Cytotoxic; Rhizome; ED50=70 ug/ml
• QUERCETIN — Hepatomagenic; Rhizome; 5,000 ppm (diet) rat
• QUERCETIN — Hepatoprotective; Rhizome
• QUERCETIN — Mutagenic; Rhizome
• QUERCETIN — Neuroprotective; Rhizome; 5-25 uM
• QUERCETIN — Teratologic; Rhizome