Ravensara aromatica (Ravensara)

Traditional uses

Malagasy

• Intoxicant
• Spice

Chemicals

Bark

• BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE — 22
• 1,8-CINEOLE — 44
• CITRONELLOL — 22
• EO — 22000
• EUGENOL — 110
• GERANIOL — 22
• LIMONENE — 440
• LINALOOL — 462
• METHYL-CHAVICOL — 20878
• METHYL-EUGENOL — 66
• BETA-MYRCENE — 22
• BETA-PINENE — 22

Leaf

• BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE — 300
• 1,8-CINEOLE — 20
• CITRONELLAL — 20
• CITRONELLOL — 60
• CITRONELLYL-ACETATE — 20
• P-CYMENE — 80
• ELEMICIN — 540
• EO — 20000
• EUGENOL — 60
• LINALOOL — 240
• METHYL-CHAVICOL — 640
• METHYL-EUGENOL — 17320
• BETA-MYRCENE — 40
• NEROLIDOL — 20
• CIS-BETA-OCIMENE — 120
• ALPHA-PINENE — 60
• BETA-PINENE — 60
• TERPINEN-4-OL — 100
• ALPHA-TERPINENE — 80

Activities

1. Pesticide — 16 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, BETA-PINENE, CITRONELLAL, CITRONELLOL, ELEMICIN, EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL, METHYL-CHAVICOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, NEROLIDOL, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
2. FLavor — 14 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, BETA-PINENE, CITRONELLAL, CITRONELLOL, CITRONELLYL-ACETATE, EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, NEROLIDOL, P-CYMENE
3. Insectifuge — 13 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, BETA-PINENE, CITRONELLAL, ELEMICIN, EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
4. Antibacterial — 12 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, CITRONELLAL, CITRONELLOL, EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, NEROLIDOL, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
5. Antiseptic — 11 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, CITRONELLAL, CITRONELLOL, EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, TERPINEN-4-OL
6. Irritant — 11 compounds; toxic activity; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, CITRONELLAL, CITRONELLOL, CITRONELLYL-ACETATE, EUGENOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
7. Perfumery — 11 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, BETA-MYRCENE, BETA-PINENE, CITRONELLAL, CITRONELLOL, EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LINALOOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, NEROLIDOL
8. Allergenic — 10 compounds; toxic activity; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, CITRONELLAL, CITRONELLOL, EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL, NEROLIDOL
9. Fungicide — 10 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, CITRONELLAL, CITRONELLOL, ELEMICIN, EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LINALOOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
10. Nematicide — 10 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, CITRONELLAL, CITRONELLOL, EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, NEROLIDOL, TERPINEN-4-OL
11. Sedative — 10 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, CITRONELLAL, CITRONELLOL, EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, P-CYMENE
12. Antispasmodic — 9 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, BETA-PINENE, EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL, TERPINEN-4-OL
13. Herbicide — 9 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, CITRONELLOL, EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
14. Cancer-Preventive — 7 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-MYRCENE, EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL, METHYL-EUGENOL
15. Insecticide — 7 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, ELEMICIN, EUGENOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL, METHYL-CHAVICOL
16. Acaricide — 6 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, CITRONELLAL, EUGENOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL
17. Antiacetylcholinesterase — 6 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, LIMONENE, LINALOOL, P-CYMENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
18. Antifeedant — 6 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, ELEMICIN, EUGENOL, LIMONENE, METHYL-EUGENOL, NEROLIDOL
19. Antiinflammatory — 6 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, EUGENOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL
20. Candidicide — 6 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, BETA-PINENE, CITRONELLAL, CITRONELLOL, EUGENOL, GERANIOL
21. Trichomonicide — 6 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, CITRONELLOL, EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LINALOOL, P-CYMENE
22. Antistaphylococcic — 5 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, CITRONELLAL, CITRONELLOL, EUGENOL
23. Antiviral — 5 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, EUGENOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL, P-CYMENE
24. Expectorant — 5 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, GERANIOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL
25. Anesthetic — 4 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, EUGENOL, LINALOOL, METHYL-EUGENOL
26. Anticariogenic — 4 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, GERANIOL, LINALOOL, NEROLIDOL
27. Spasmogenic — 4 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, BETA-PINENE
28. Transdermal — 4 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ALPHA-PINENE, BETA-PINENE, LIMONENE
29. Analgesic — 3 compounds; EUGENOL, LINALOOL, P-CYMENE
30. Antiacne — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, NEROLIDOL, TERPINEN-4-OL
31. Antiallergic — 3 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, LINALOOL, TERPINEN-4-OL
32. Anticonvulsant — 3 compounds; toxic activity; EUGENOL, LINALOOL, METHYL-EUGENOL
33. Antiflu — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, LIMONENE, P-CYMENE
34. Antimutagenic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; EUGENOL, LIMONENE, LINALOOL
35. Antioxidant — 3 compounds; EUGENOL, METHYL-EUGENOL, TERPINEN-4-OL
36. Antistreptococcic — 3 compounds; CITRONELLAL, CITRONELLOL, NEROLIDOL
37. Antitumor — 3 compounds; EUGENOL, GERANIOL, LIMONENE
38. Antiulcer — 3 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, EUGENOL, TERPINEN-4-OL
39. Larvicide — 3 compounds; ELEMICIN, EUGENOL, LINALOOL
40. Motor-Depressant — 3 compounds; CITRONELLAL, EUGENOL, LINALOOL
41. Myorelaxant — 3 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, LIMONENE, METHYL-EUGENOL
42. Neurotoxic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; 1,8-CINEOLE, ELEMICIN, EUGENOL
43. P450-2B1-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, ALPHA-TERPINENE, CITRONELLAL
44. Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINENE, NEROLIDOL
45. Allelochemic — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, LIMONENE
46. Allelopathic — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, TERPINEN-4-OL
47. Anthelmintic — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, GERANIOL
48. Antiaggregant — 2 compounds; ELEMICIN, EUGENOL
49. Antiasthmatic — 2 compounds; LIMONENE, TERPINEN-4-OL
50. Antiedemic — 2 compounds; EUGENOL, LINALOOL
51. Antihistaminic — 2 compounds; ELEMICIN, LINALOOL
52. Antilymphomic — 2 compounds; LIMONENE, LINALOOL
53. Antiradicular — 2 compounds; EUGENOL, METHYL-EUGENOL
54. Antisalmonella — 2 compounds; EUGENOL, GERANIOL
55. Antitumor (Pancreas) — 2 compounds; GERANIOL, LIMONENE
56. Antitussive — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, TERPINEN-4-OL
57. Calcium-Antagonist — 2 compounds; EUGENOL, METHYL-CHAVICOL
58. Candidistat — 2 compounds; LIMONENE, LINALOOL
59. Carcinogenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; 1,8-CINEOLE, METHYL-EUGENOL
60. Carminative — 2 compounds; EUGENOL, LINALOOL
61. Choleretic — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, EUGENOL
62. CNS-Depressant — 2 compounds; EUGENOL, LINALOOL
63. CNS-Stimulant — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, GERANIOL
64. Cytotoxic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; EUGENOL, LINALOOL
65. DNA-Binder — 2 compounds; ELEMICIN, METHYL-CHAVICOL
66. Embryotoxic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; CITRONELLAL, GERANIOL
67. Fungistat — 2 compounds; LIMONENE, METHYL-EUGENOL
68. Hypotensive — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, ELEMICIN
69. Hypothermic — 2 compounds; LINALOOL, METHYL-CHAVICOL
70. Insectiphile — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE, GERANIOL
71. P450-Inducer — 2 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE, LIMONENE
72. (-)-Chronotropic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
73. (-)-Inotropic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
74. ACE-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINENE
75. AChE-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
76. Antiadenomic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
77. Antialzheimeran? — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
78. Antianaphylactic — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
79. Antiarachidonate — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
80. Antibacillary — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE
81. Antibronchitic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
82. Anticancer — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
83. Anticancer (Pancreas) — 1 compounds; GERANIOL
84. Anticatarrh — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
85. Anticholinesterase — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
86. Anticolic — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
87. Antidepressant — 1 compounds; ELEMICIN
88. Antidote (Strychnine) — 1 compounds; METHYL-EUGENOL
89. Antiesophagitic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
90. Antiestrogenic — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
91. Antifatigue — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
92. Antigenotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; EUGENOL
93. Antiglutamaergic — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
94. Antihalitosic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
95. Antiherpetic — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
96. Antikeratotic — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
97. Antilaryngitic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
98. Antileukemic — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
99. Antilithic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
100. Antimange — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
101. Antimelanomic — 1 compounds; GERANIOL
102. Antimetastatic (Stomach) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
103. Antimite — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
104. Antimitotic — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
105. Antinitrosaminic — 1 compounds; ALPHA-TERPINENE
106. Antinitrosating — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
107. Antinociceptive — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
108. Antiobesity — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
109. Antipharyngitic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
110. Antiplaque — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
111. Antipneumonic — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE
112. Antiprostaglandin — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
113. Antipyretic — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
114. Antirheumatalgic — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE
115. Antirheumatic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
116. Antirhinitic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
117. Antiserotonic — 1 compounds; ELEMICIN
118. Antishock — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
119. Antisinusitic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
120. Antistress — 1 compounds; ELEMICIN
121. Antithromboxane — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
122. AntiTNF — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
123. Antitubercular — 1 compounds; GERANIOL
124. Antitumor (Breast) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
125. Antitumor (Colon) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
126. Antitumor (Prostate) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
127. Antitumor (Stomach) — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
128. Apifuge — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
129. Apoptotic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
130. Ascaricide — 1 compounds; GERANIOL
131. Bacteriostatic — 1 compounds; TERPINEN-4-OL
132. Barbituate-Synergist — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
133. Bronchoprotectant — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
134. Bronchorelaxant — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
135. Carcinogenic? — 1 compounds; toxic activity; EUGENOL
136. Chemopreventive — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
137. Cholesterolytic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
138. Coleoptophile — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE
139. Convulsant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; 1,8-CINEOLE
140. Counterirritant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; 1,8-CINEOLE
141. COX-1-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
142. COX-2-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
143. Culicide — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
144. Cytochrome-P450-Inducer — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
145. Cytochrome-P450-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
146. Decongestant — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
147. Degranulant — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
148. Dentifrice — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
149. Dermatitigenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; EUGENOL
150. Detoxicant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; LIMONENE
151. Diuretic — 1 compounds; TERPINEN-4-OL
152. Edemagenic — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
153. Emetic — 1 compounds; GERANIOL
154. Enterocontractant — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
155. Enterorelaxant — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
156. Fungiphilic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
157. GABA-nergic — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
158. Gastroprotective — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
159. Gram(-)icide — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
160. Gram(+)icide — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
161. GST-Inducer — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
162. Hallucinogenic — 1 compounds; ELEMICIN
163. Hepatocarcinogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; METHYL-CHAVICOL
164. Hepatoprotective — 1 compounds; toxic activity; EUGENOL
165. Hepatotonic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; 1,8-CINEOLE
166. Histaminic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
167. Hypnotic — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
168. Immunomodulator — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
169. Inflammatory — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
170. Interleukin-6-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
171. Juvabional — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
172. Laxative — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE
173. Lipolytic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
174. Mosquitofuge — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
175. Mutagenic? — 1 compounds; toxic activity; CITRONELLAL
176. Mycobactericide — 1 compounds; GERANIOL
177. Narcotic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; METHYL-EUGENOL
178. NO-Genic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
179. Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
180. Ozone-Scavenger — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
181. Pediculicide — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
182. Perfume — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
183. Peristaltic — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
184. Photosensitizer — 1 compounds; LIMONENE
185. Prooxidant — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
186. Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
187. Renoirritant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; TERPINEN-4-OL
188. Rubefacient — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
189. Schistosomicide — 1 compounds; ELEMICIN
190. Secretogogue — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
191. Spermicide — 1 compounds; TERPINEN-4-OL
192. Surfactant — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
193. Teratogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; CITRONELLAL
194. Termiticide — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
195. Termitifuge — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
196. Testosterone-Hydroxylase-Inducer — 1 compounds; 1,8-CINEOLE
197. Tranquilizer — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PINENE
198. Trichomonistat — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
199. Trypsin-Enhancer — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
200. Tumor-Promoter — 1 compounds; LINALOOL
201. Ulcerogenic — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
202. Varroacide — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
203. Vasodilator — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
204. Vermifuge — 1 compounds; EUGENOL
205. Vulnerary — 1 compounds; TERPINEN-4-OL

Toxic compounds

• 1,8-CINEOLE — Allergenic; Bark
• 1,8-CINEOLE — Allergenic; Leaf
• 1,8-CINEOLE — Carcinogenic; Bark
• 1,8-CINEOLE — Carcinogenic; Leaf
• 1,8-CINEOLE — Convulsant; Bark
• 1,8-CINEOLE — Convulsant; Leaf
• 1,8-CINEOLE — Counterirritant; Bark
• 1,8-CINEOLE — Counterirritant; Leaf
• 1,8-CINEOLE — Hepatotonic; Bark
• 1,8-CINEOLE — Hepatotonic; Leaf
• 1,8-CINEOLE — Irritant; Bark
• 1,8-CINEOLE — Irritant; Leaf
• 1,8-CINEOLE — Neurotoxic; Bark
• 1,8-CINEOLE — Neurotoxic; Leaf
• ALPHA-PINENE — Allergenic; Leaf
• ALPHA-PINENE — Irritant; Leaf
• BETA-PINENE — Allergenic; Bark
• BETA-PINENE — Allergenic; Leaf
• BETA-PINENE — Irritant; Bark
• BETA-PINENE — Irritant; Leaf
• CITRONELLAL — Allergenic; Leaf
• CITRONELLAL — Embryotoxic; Leaf
• CITRONELLAL — Irritant; Leaf
• CITRONELLAL — Mutagenic?; Leaf
• CITRONELLAL — Teratogenic; Leaf
• CITRONELLOL — Allergenic; Bark
• CITRONELLOL — Allergenic; Leaf
• CITRONELLOL — Irritant; Bark
• CITRONELLOL — Irritant; Leaf
• CITRONELLYL-ACETATE — Irritant; Leaf
• ELEMICIN — Neurotoxic; Leaf
• EUGENOL — Allergenic; Bark
• EUGENOL — Allergenic; Leaf
• EUGENOL — Anticonvulsant; Bark
• EUGENOL — Anticonvulsant; Leaf
• EUGENOL — Antigenotoxic; Bark; 50-500 mg/kg orl mus
• EUGENOL — Antigenotoxic; Leaf; 50-500 mg/kg orl mus
• EUGENOL — Antimutagenic; Bark
• EUGENOL — Antimutagenic; Leaf
• EUGENOL — Carcinogenic?; Bark
• EUGENOL — Carcinogenic?; Leaf
• EUGENOL — Cytotoxic; Bark; 25 ug/ml
• EUGENOL — Cytotoxic; Leaf; 25 ug/ml
• EUGENOL — Dermatitigenic; Bark
• EUGENOL — Dermatitigenic; Leaf
• EUGENOL — Hepatoprotective; Bark; 100 ppm
• EUGENOL — Hepatoprotective; Leaf; 100 ppm
• EUGENOL — Irritant; Bark
• EUGENOL — Irritant; Leaf
• EUGENOL — Neurotoxic; Bark
• EUGENOL — Neurotoxic; Leaf
• GERANIOL — Allergenic; Bark
• GERANIOL — Embryotoxic; Bark
• LIMONENE — Allergenic; Bark; 1/20th carene
• LIMONENE — Antimutagenic; Bark
• LIMONENE — Detoxicant; Bark
• LIMONENE — Irritant; Bark
• LINALOOL — Allergenic; Bark
• LINALOOL — Allergenic; Leaf
• LINALOOL — Anticonvulsant; Bark; 200 mg/kg ipr mus
• LINALOOL — Anticonvulsant; Leaf; 200 mg/kg ipr mus
• LINALOOL — Antimutagenic; Bark
• LINALOOL — Antimutagenic; Leaf
• LINALOOL — Cytotoxic; Bark
• LINALOOL — Cytotoxic; Leaf
• LINALOOL — Irritant; Bark
• LINALOOL — Irritant; Leaf
• METHYL-CHAVICOL — Hepatocarcinogenic; Bark
• METHYL-CHAVICOL — Hepatocarcinogenic; Leaf
• METHYL-EUGENOL — Anticonvulsant; Bark
• METHYL-EUGENOL — Anticonvulsant; Leaf
• METHYL-EUGENOL — Carcinogenic; Bark
• METHYL-EUGENOL — Carcinogenic; Leaf
• METHYL-EUGENOL — Narcotic; Bark
• METHYL-EUGENOL — Narcotic; Leaf
• NEROLIDOL — Allergenic; Leaf
• P-CYMENE — Irritant; Leaf
• TERPINEN-4-OL — Irritant; Leaf
• TERPINEN-4-OL — Renoirritant; Leaf