Rhus coriaria (Sicilian Sumac)

Traditional uses

Turkey

• Astringent
• Catarrh
• Hemostat
• Poison

Tradition unspecified

• Cancer(Breast)
• Cancer(Uterus)
• Sore
• Tumor(Gum)
• Tumor(Fauces)

Kurdistan

• Dysentery

Iraq

• Gargle

Turkistan

• Tumor

Tunisia

• Tumor(Eyelid)

Spain

• Diarrhea

Elsewhere

• Tumor(Neck)

Chemicals

Leaf

• AVICULARIN
• DIGALLIC-ACID
• ELLAGIC-ACID
• ISOQUERCITRIN
• MYRICETIN
• QUERCETIN
• TANNIN — 210000 to 280000
• GALLIC-ACID
• MYRICITRIN
• QUERCITRIN

Stem Bark

• OXYQUERCITRIN
• TANNIC-ACID

Activities

1. Pesticide — 10 compounds; AVICULARIN, ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, ISOQUERCITRIN, MYRICETIN, MYRICITRIN, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN, TANNIC-ACID, TANNIN
2. Antibacterial — 9 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, ISOQUERCITRIN, MYRICETIN, MYRICITRIN, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN, TANNIC-ACID, TANNIN
3. Antioxidant — 9 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, ISOQUERCITRIN, MYRICETIN, MYRICITRIN, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN, TANNIC-ACID, TANNIN
4. Antimutagenic — 8 compounds; toxic activity; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, MYRICETIN, MYRICITRIN, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN, TANNIC-ACID, TANNIN
5. Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor — 7 compounds; AVICULARIN, ELLAGIC-ACID, ISOQUERCITRIN, MYRICITRIN, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN, TANNIC-ACID
6. Antiinflammatory — 7 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, ISOQUERCITRIN, MYRICETIN, MYRICITRIN, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN
7. Antiviral — 7 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN, TANNIC-ACID, TANNIN
8. Cancer-Preventive — 7 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, ISOQUERCITRIN, MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN, TANNIN
9. AntiHIV — 6 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN, TANNIC-ACID, TANNIN
10. Antitumor — 6 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, ISOQUERCITRIN, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN, TANNIN
11. Antifeedant — 5 compounds; ISOQUERCITRIN, MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN, TANNIC-ACID
12. Antitumor-Promoter — 5 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, ISOQUERCITRIN, MYRICITRIN, QUERCETIN, TANNIN
13. Diuretic — 5 compounds; AVICULARIN, ISOQUERCITRIN, MYRICETIN, MYRICITRIN, QUERCITRIN
14. ACE-Inhibitor — 4 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, ISOQUERCITRIN, QUERCITRIN
15. Anticariogenic — 4 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, QUERCETIN, TANNIC-ACID, TANNIN
16. Antihepatotoxic — 4 compounds; toxic activity; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN, TANNIN
17. Antiherpetic — 4 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN, TANNIC-ACID
18. Antiradicular — 4 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, ISOQUERCITRIN, QUERCETIN, TANNIN
19. Antiseptic — 4 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, MYRICETIN, TANNIC-ACID
20. Antiulcer — 4 compounds; QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN, TANNIC-ACID, TANNIN
21. Apoptotic — 4 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN
22. Candidicide — 4 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, MYRICETIN, MYRICITRIN, QUERCETIN
23. Cytotoxic — 4 compounds; toxic activity; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN, TANNIC-ACID
24. Hemostat — 4 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN, TANNIC-ACID
25. Hepatoprotective — 4 compounds; toxic activity; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN, TANNIN
26. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor — 4 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN, TANNIN
27. Antianaphylactic — 3 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
28. Anticancer — 3 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, ISOQUERCITRIN, TANNIN
29. Anticataract — 3 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN
30. Antiflu — 3 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN
31. Antigingivitic — 3 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, MYRICETIN, TANNIC-ACID
32. Antinitrosaminic — 3 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN, TANNIC-ACID
33. Antiperoxidant — 3 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
34. Antiplaque — 3 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN
35. Antipolio — 3 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN, TANNIC-ACID
36. Astringent — 3 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, GALLIC-ACID, TANNIC-ACID
37. Carcinogenic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN, TANNIN
38. Choleretic — 3 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, MYRICITRIN, QUERCITRIN
39. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN, TANNIN
40. Detoxicant — 3 compounds; toxic activity; ELLAGIC-ACID, QUERCITRIN, TANNIC-ACID
41. Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, QUERCETIN, TANNIN
42. HIV-RT-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; DIGALLIC-ACID, ELLAGIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
43. Hypoglycemic — 3 compounds; MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN
44. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN, TANNIN
45. Quinone-Reductase-Inducer — 3 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN
46. Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN
47. Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; ISOQUERCITRIN, MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN
48. Allelochemic — 2 compounds; MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN
49. Allergenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; QUERCETIN, TANNIC-ACID
50. Analgesic — 2 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
51. Antiaflatoxin — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
52. Antiallergenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; GALLIC-ACID, MYRICETIN
53. Antiangiogenic — 2 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
54. Antiasthmatic — 2 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
55. Anticolitic — 2 compounds; QUERCETIN, TANNIC-ACID
56. Antidiarrheic — 2 compounds; TANNIC-ACID, TANNIN
57. Antidysenteric — 2 compounds; TANNIC-ACID, TANNIN
58. Antielastase — 2 compounds; ISOQUERCITRIN, QUERCETIN
59. Antiencephalitic — 2 compounds; QUERCETIN, TANNIC-ACID
60. Antiescherichic — 2 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
61. Antigastric — 2 compounds; MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN
62. AntiGTF — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
63. Antihistaminic — 2 compounds; MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN
64. Antihypertensive — 2 compounds; QUERCETIN, TANNIN
65. Antileishmanic — 2 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
66. Antileukemic — 2 compounds; DIGALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
67. Antimalarial — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
68. Antinociceptive — 2 compounds; ISOQUERCITRIN, QUERCETIN
69. Antiophidic — 2 compounds; TANNIC-ACID, TANNIN
70. Antiperiodontic — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, MYRICETIN
71. Antipharyngitic — 2 compounds; QUERCETIN, TANNIC-ACID
72. Antiplasmodial — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
73. Antispasmodic — 2 compounds; QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN
74. Antistaphylococcic — 2 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCITRIN
75. Antistreptococcic — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
76. Bacteristat — 2 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
77. Cyclooxygenase-Activator — 2 compounds; AVICULARIN, QUERCITRIN
78. Deiodinase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
79. Hypotensive — 2 compounds; ISOQUERCITRIN, QUERCITRIN
80. Immunostimulant — 2 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, TANNIC-ACID
81. Immunosuppressant — 2 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, TANNIN
82. Insectiphile — 2 compounds; ISOQUERCITRIN, QUERCITRIN
83. Juvabional — 2 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
84. Larvistat — 2 compounds; MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN
85. MAO-A-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; QUERCETIN, QUERCITRIN
86. MAO-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; QUERCITRIN, TANNIN
87. Mutagenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN
88. NO-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; GALLIC-ACID, QUERCETIN
89. Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; QUERCETIN, TANNIN
90. TNF-alpha-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; ISOQUERCITRIN, QUERCETIN
91. Tyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN
92. Vasodilator — 2 compounds; MYRICETIN, QUERCETIN
93. 11B-HSD-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
94. 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
95. Abortifacient — 1 compounds; toxic activity; ELLAGIC-ACID
96. Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
97. Anthelmintic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
98. Antiadenovirus — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
99. Antiaggregant — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
100. Antiaging — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
101. Antiallergic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
102. Antialzheimeran — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
103. Antianacarditic — 1 compounds; TANNIC-ACID
104. Antiarrhythmic — 1 compounds; QUERCITRIN
105. Antiarthritic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
106. Antiatherosclerotic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
107. Antibiotic — 1 compounds; AVICULARIN
108. Antibronchitic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
109. Anticancer (Cervix) — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
110. Anticancer (Colon) — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
111. Anticancer (Esophagus) — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
112. Anticancer (Mouth) — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
113. Anticarcinomic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; GALLIC-ACID
114. Anticarcinomic (Breast) — 1 compounds; toxic activity; QUERCETIN
115. Anticomplementary — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
116. AntiCrohn's — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
117. Anticystitic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
118. Antidecubitic — 1 compounds; TANNIC-ACID
119. Antidepressant — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
120. Antidermatitic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; QUERCETIN
121. Antidermatotic — 1 compounds; TANNIC-ACID
122. Antidiabetic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
123. Antidote — 1 compounds; TANNIC-ACID
124. Antiedemic — 1 compounds; QUERCITRIN
125. Antienteritic — 1 compounds; TANNIC-ACID
126. Antiestrogenic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
127. Antifibrinolytic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
128. Antifibrosarcomic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
129. Antigargantitic — 1 compounds; TANNIC-ACID
130. Antigonadotrophic — 1 compounds; MYRICETIN
131. Antigonadotropic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
132. Antihemorrhagic — 1 compounds; QUERCITRIN
133. Antihemorrhoidal — 1 compounds; TANNIC-ACID
134. Antihydrophobic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
135. Antihyperthyroid — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
136. Antileukotriene — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
137. Antilipolytic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
138. Antilipoperoxidant — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
139. Antimelanomic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
140. Antimetastatic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
141. AntiMRSA — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
142. Antimyocarditic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
143. Antinephritic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
144. Antiobesity — 1 compounds; TANNIC-ACID
145. Antipancreatitic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
146. Antiperiodontal — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
147. Antiperiodontitic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
148. Antiperistaltic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
149. Antipermeability — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
150. AntiPMS — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
151. Antipodriac — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
152. Antiproliferant — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
153. Antiprostanoid — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
154. Antiprostatitic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
155. Antiproteolytic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
156. Antipsoriac — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
157. Antipurpuric — 1 compounds; QUERCITRIN
158. Antirenitic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
159. Antirhinitic — 1 compounds; TANNIC-ACID
160. Antistomatitic — 1 compounds; TANNIC-ACID
161. Antithiamin — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
162. Antithrombic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
163. Antithrombogenic — 1 compounds; QUERCITRIN
164. Antithyroid — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
165. Antitonsilitic — 1 compounds; TANNIC-ACID
166. Antitrypanosomic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
167. Antitumor (Bladder) — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
168. Antitumor (Breast) — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
169. Antitumor (Colon) — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
170. Antitumor (Lung) — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
171. Antitumor (Ovary) — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
172. Antitumor (Skin) — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
173. Antiyeast — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
174. ATPase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
175. Bradycardiac — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
176. Bronchodilator — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
177. Calmodulin-Antagonist — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
178. cAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
179. Candida-SAP-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
180. Capillarigenic — 1 compounds; ISOQUERCITRIN
181. Capillariprotective — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
182. Cardiotonic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; QUERCITRIN
183. Catabolic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
184. Chelator — 1 compounds; TANNIN
185. CNS-Depressant — 1 compounds; QUERCITRIN
186. COMP-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; MYRICETIN
187. COMT-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
188. Copper-Chelator — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
189. COX-2-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
190. Cytochrome-P450-1A2-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
191. Diaphoretic — 1 compounds; ISOQUERCITRIN
192. Diaphoretic? — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
193. Differentiator — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
194. Dye — 1 compounds; QUERCITRIN
195. Emetic — 1 compounds; TANNIC-ACID
196. Estrogenic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
197. FLavor — 1 compounds; TANNIC-ACID
198. Floral-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
199. Fungicide — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
200. Gram(-)icide — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
201. Gram(+)icide — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
202. Hemostatic — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
203. Hepatomagenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; QUERCETIN
204. Hepatotonic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; QUERCITRIN
205. Hepatotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; TANNIC-ACID
206. Immunomodulator — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
207. iNOS-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
208. Inotropic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
209. Insulin-Sparing — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
210. Insulinogenic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
211. Mast-Cell-Stabilizer — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
212. Metal-Chelator (Copper) — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
213. Metalloproteinase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
214. MMP-9-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
215. Myorelaxant — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
216. NADH-Oxidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
217. NEP-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
218. Nephrotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; GALLIC-ACID
219. Neuroprotective — 1 compounds; toxic activity; QUERCETIN
220. NF-kB-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
221. NO-Synthase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
222. Oxidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; MYRICETIN
223. P450-Inducer — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
224. P450-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
225. Paralytic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; QUERCITRIN
226. Paramecicide — 1 compounds; MYRICITRIN
227. PGE2-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
228. Phospholipase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
229. Plasmodicide — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
230. Proliferant — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
231. Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
232. Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
233. Protisticide — 1 compounds; MYRICITRIN
234. Psychotropic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
235. PTK-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
236. Spermicide — 1 compounds; MYRICITRIN
237. Styptic — 1 compounds; GALLIC-ACID
238. Sunscreen — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
239. Teratologic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; QUERCETIN
240. Tissue-Thromboplastin-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; AVICULARIN
241. Topoisomerase-I-Antagonist — 1 compounds; ELLAGIC-ACID
242. Tumorigenic — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
243. Tyrosinase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN
244. Vasopressor — 1 compounds; QUERCITRIN
245. VEGF-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; QUERCETIN

Toxic compounds

• ELLAGIC-ACID — Abortifacient; Leaf; 1.2 mg/kg ivn mus
• ELLAGIC-ACID — Antimutagenic; Leaf
• ELLAGIC-ACID — Cytotoxic; Leaf; 4.6 ug/ml
• ELLAGIC-ACID — Detoxicant; Leaf
• ELLAGIC-ACID — Hepatoprotective; Leaf; IC55=30 ug/ml
• GALLIC-ACID — Antiallergenic; Leaf
• GALLIC-ACID — Anticarcinomic; Leaf; ED50=3
• GALLIC-ACID — Antihepatotoxic; Leaf
• GALLIC-ACID — Antimutagenic; Leaf
• GALLIC-ACID — Carcinogenic; Leaf
• GALLIC-ACID — Cytotoxic; Leaf; 500 uM
• GALLIC-ACID — Hepatoprotective; Leaf
• GALLIC-ACID — Nephrotoxic; Leaf
• MYRICETIN — Antiallergenic; Leaf
• MYRICETIN — Antimutagenic; Leaf; ID50=2-5 nM
• MYRICETIN — Mutagenic; Leaf
• MYRICITRIN — Antimutagenic; Leaf; ID50=10-40 nM
• QUERCETIN — Allergenic; Leaf
• QUERCETIN — Anticarcinomic (Breast); Leaf; IC50=1.5 uM
• QUERCETIN — Antidermatitic; Leaf
• QUERCETIN — Antihepatotoxic; Leaf
• QUERCETIN — Antimutagenic; Leaf; ID50=2-5 nM
• QUERCETIN — Carcinogenic; Leaf; 40,000 ppm (diet) mus
• QUERCETIN — Cytotoxic; Leaf; ED50=70 ug/ml
• QUERCETIN — Hepatomagenic; Leaf; 5,000 ppm (diet) rat
• QUERCETIN — Hepatoprotective; Leaf
• QUERCETIN — Mutagenic; Leaf
• QUERCETIN — Neuroprotective; Leaf; 5-25 uM
• QUERCETIN — Teratologic; Leaf
• QUERCITRIN — Antihepatotoxic; Leaf
• QUERCITRIN — Antimutagenic; Leaf; ID50=2-5 nM
• QUERCITRIN — Cardiotonic; Leaf
• QUERCITRIN — Detoxicant; Leaf
• QUERCITRIN — Hepatotonic; Leaf
• QUERCITRIN — Paralytic; Leaf
• TANNIC-ACID — Allergenic; Stem Bark
• TANNIC-ACID — Antimutagenic; Stem Bark
• TANNIC-ACID — Cytotoxic; Stem Bark; 15 ug
• TANNIC-ACID — Detoxicant; Stem Bark
• TANNIC-ACID — Hepatotoxic; Stem Bark
• TANNIN — Antihepatotoxic; Leaf
• TANNIN — Antimutagenic; Leaf
• TANNIN — Carcinogenic; Leaf
• TANNIN — Hepatoprotective; Leaf