Saussurea lappa (Costus)

Traditional uses

China

• Ache(Stomach)
• Asthma
• Cancer
• Circulation
• Cough
• Diarrhea
• Digestive
• Dysentery
• Dyspepsia
• Energy
• Hypotension
• Insecticide
• Nausea
• Spasm
• Stimulant
• Stomachic
• Tonic
• Tumor(Lung)
• Viricide
• Carminative
• Cancer(Esophagus)
• Tumor
• Tympanitis
• Anodyne
• Cholera

India

• Antiseptic
• Perfume
• Skin
• Fumigant
• Hairblack
• Aphrodisiac
• Shampoo
• Candida
• Fungicide

Elsewhere

• Asthma
• Bronchitis
• Diuretic
• Expectorant
• Insecticide
• Opiate
• Fumitory

Spanish

• Preventitive

Arabic

• Sedative

Kashmir

• Incense

Iran

• Carminative

Sanscrit

• Stimulant

Chemicals

Root Essent. Oil

• ALPHA-AMORPHENIC-ACID
• CEDRENE
• CEDROL
• BETA-COSTENE — 180 to 4200
• DIHYDROAPLOTAXENE
• 4-ETHYLOCTANOIC-ACID
• FRIEDELIN
• HEPTANOIC-ACID
• HEXANOIC-ACID
• ALPHA-HUMULENE
• 3-ISOPROPYLPENTANOIC-ACID
• LINALOL
• MYRCENE
• NAPHTHALINE
• OCTANOIC-ACID
• ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
• PENTADEC-1-ENE
• ACETIC-ACID
• ALPHA-COSTENE — 180 to 4200
• OLEIC-ACID
• CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE
• P-CYMENE
• GUAIA-3,9,11-TRIENE-12-ACID
• 7-OCTENOIC-ACID
• 3-METHYL-BUTYRIC-ACID
• BETULIN
• CAMPHENE
• CARYOPHYLLENE

Plant

• ALPHA-AMYRIN-STEARATE
• DIHYDROCOSTUS-LACTONE
• ISOZALUZANIN
• KUSHTIN
• BETA-AMYRIN-STEARATE
• LUPEOL
• (E)-9-ISOPROPYL-6-METHYLDECA-5,9-DIEN-2-ONE

Root

• APLOTAXENE — 600 to 14000
• COSTUNOLIDE
• COSTUS-LACTONE — 330 to 7700
• DEHYDROCOSTUS-LACTONE
• DIHYDRO-DEHYDROCOSTUS-LACTONE
• CIS-DIHYDROIONONE
• BETA-ELEMENE
• EO — 15000 to 70000
• (Z,Z,Z)-1,8,11,14-HEPTADECATETRAENE
• ALPHA-IONONE
• BETA-IONONE
• LACTONES — 7500 to 8250
• BETA-SITOSTEROL
• STIGMASTEROL
• COSTUS-ACID — 420 to 9800
• DIHYDROCOSTUS-LACTONE — 450 to 10500
• PALMITIC-ACID
• RESINOIDS — 60000
• BETA-SELININE
• ALKALOIDS — 500
• BETULIN
• COSTIC-ACID
• COSTOL — 210 to 4900
• DIHYDROCOSTUNOLIDE
• 22-DIHYDROSTIGMASTEROL
• FAT — 180000
• INULIN — 180000
• 12-METHOXY-DIHYDROCOSTUNOLIDE
• SAUSSURINE
• TANNIN
• PHELLANDRENE — 10 to 280

Leaf

• SAUSSURINE — 250
• TARAXASTEROL — 250

Activities

1. Pesticide — 17 compounds; ACETIC-ACID, ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, BETA-IONONE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CAMPHENE, CARYOPHYLLENE, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, CEDROL, COSTIC-ACID, COSTUNOLIDE, DEHYDROCOSTUS-LACTONE, LUPEOL, MYRCENE, OCTANOIC-ACID, P-CYMENE, PALMITIC-ACID, TANNIN
2. Antibacterial — 10 compounds; ACETIC-ACID, ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, BETA-IONONE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CARYOPHYLLENE, COSTIC-ACID, DEHYDROCOSTUS-LACTONE, MYRCENE, P-CYMENE, TANNIN
3. Antiinflammatory — 9 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, BETULIN, CARYOPHYLLENE, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, FRIEDELIN, LUPEOL, OLEIC-ACID, STIGMASTEROL, TARAXASTEROL
4. FLavor — 9 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, CAMPHENE, CARYOPHYLLENE, HEXANOIC-ACID, MYRCENE, OCTANOIC-ACID, OLEIC-ACID, P-CYMENE, PALMITIC-ACID
5. Antitumor — 8 compounds; ALPHA-HUMULENE, BETA-IONONE, BETULIN, CARYOPHYLLENE, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, COSTUNOLIDE, LUPEOL, TANNIN
6. Fungicide — 8 compounds; ACETIC-ACID, ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, BETA-IONONE, CARYOPHYLLENE, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, MYRCENE, OCTANOIC-ACID, P-CYMENE
7. Perfumery — 8 compounds; ACETIC-ACID, ALPHA-HUMULENE, ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, CARYOPHYLLENE, CEDROL, MYRCENE, OCTANOIC-ACID, OLEIC-ACID
8. Antioxidant — 7 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, CAMPHENE, LUPEOL, MYRCENE, PALMITIC-ACID, STIGMASTEROL, TANNIN
9. Allergenic — 6 compounds; toxic activity; ALPHA-IONONE, BETA-IONONE, CARYOPHYLLENE, COSTUNOLIDE, MYRCENE, OLEIC-ACID
10. Antiviral — 6 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, BETULIN, LUPEOL, P-CYMENE, STIGMASTEROL, TANNIN
11. Cancer-Preventive — 6 compounds; BETA-IONONE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CEDRENE, OLEIC-ACID, STIGMASTEROL, TANNIN
12. Irritant — 6 compounds; toxic activity; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, CARYOPHYLLENE, MYRCENE, OLEIC-ACID, P-CYMENE, PHELLANDRENE
13. Antiedemic — 5 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, CARYOPHYLLENE, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE, LUPEOL, TARAXASTEROL
14. Antimutagenic — 5 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-SITOSTEROL, COSTUNOLIDE, DEHYDROCOSTUS-LACTONE, MYRCENE, TANNIN
15. Hypocholesterolemic — 5 compounds; BETA-IONONE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, INULIN, OLEIC-ACID, STIGMASTEROL
16. Insectifuge — 5 compounds; CAMPHENE, CARYOPHYLLENE, MYRCENE, OLEIC-ACID, P-CYMENE
17. Antifeedant — 4 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, BETULIN, CARYOPHYLLENE, CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE
18. Analgesic — 3 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE, MYRCENE, P-CYMENE
19. Antiandrogenic — 3 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, OLEIC-ACID, PALMITIC-ACID
20. Anticariogenic — 3 compounds; BETA-IONONE, CARYOPHYLLENE, TANNIN
21. Antiflu — 3 compounds; BETULIN, LUPEOL, P-CYMENE
22. Antiophidic — 3 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, STIGMASTEROL, TANNIN
23. Antispasmodic — 3 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE, MYRCENE, SAUSSURINE
24. Candidicide — 3 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, CARYOPHYLLENE, OCTANOIC-ACID
25. Expectorant — 3 compounds; ACETIC-ACID, CAMPHENE, INULIN
26. Laxative — 3 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, INULIN, P-CYMENE
27. Sedative — 3 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE, P-CYMENE, STIGMASTEROL
28. 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; OLEIC-ACID, PALMITIC-ACID
29. Acidulant — 2 compounds; ACETIC-ACID, HEXANOIC-ACID
30. Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE, MYRCENE
31. Antialopecic — 2 compounds; OLEIC-ACID, PALMITIC-ACID
32. Antiangiogenic — 2 compounds; COSTUNOLIDE, LUPEOL
33. Anticancer (Cervix) — 2 compounds; BETA-ELEMENE, BETA-SITOSTEROL
34. Antidiarrheic — 2 compounds; INULIN, TANNIN
35. Antihepatotoxic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; STIGMASTEROL, TANNIN
36. AntiHIV — 2 compounds; BETULIN, TANNIN
37. Antinociceptive — 2 compounds; MYRCENE, STIGMASTEROL
38. Antiproliferant — 2 compounds; BETA-ELEMENE, CARYOPHYLLENE
39. Antiprostaglandin — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, LUPEOL
40. Antistaphylococcic — 2 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE, CARYOPHYLLENE
41. Antitumor (Cervix) — 2 compounds; BETA-ELEMENE, BETA-SITOSTEROL
42. Antiulcer — 2 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE, TANNIN
43. Apoptotic — 2 compounds; BETA-ELEMENE, BETA-SITOSTEROL
44. Artemicide — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, STIGMASTEROL
45. Cytotoxic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; BETULIN, LUPEOL
46. Dermatitigenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; COSTUNOLIDE, OLEIC-ACID
47. Estrogenic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, STIGMASTEROL
48. Hepatoprotective — 2 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-SITOSTEROL, TANNIN
49. Hypoglycemic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, INULIN
50. Nematicide — 2 compounds; BETA-IONONE, PALMITIC-ACID
51. Propecic — 2 compounds; OLEIC-ACID, PALMITIC-ACID
52. Spasmogenic — 2 compounds; CAMPHENE, PHELLANDRENE
53. Spermicide — 2 compounds; ACETIC-ACID, BETA-SITOSTEROL
54. Trichomonicide — 2 compounds; BETA-IONONE, P-CYMENE
55. Ulcerogenic — 2 compounds; ACETIC-ACID, BETA-SITOSTEROL
56. ACE-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; MYRCENE
57. Alcohol-Dehydrogenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; INULIN
58. Allelopathic — 1 compounds; CAMPHENE
59. Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; OLEIC-ACID
60. Androgenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
61. Anemiagenic — 1 compounds; OLEIC-ACID
62. Angiogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
63. Anorexic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
64. Anthelmintic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
65. Antiacetylcholinesterase — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE
66. Antiacne — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
67. Antiadenomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
68. Antiasthmatic — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
69. Antibacillary — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE
70. Anticancer — 1 compounds; TANNIN
71. Anticancer (Breast) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
72. Anticancer (Lung) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
73. Anticarcinomic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BETULIN
74. Anticolitic? — 1 compounds; INULIN
75. Anticonvulsant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MYRCENE
76. Antidermatitic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; CARYOPHYLLENE
77. Antidiabetic — 1 compounds; INULIN
78. Antidysenteric — 1 compounds; TANNIN
79. AntiEBV — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
80. Antiestrogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
81. Antifertility — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
82. Antifibrinolytic — 1 compounds; PALMITIC-ACID
83. Antigliomic — 1 compounds; BETA-ELEMENE
84. Antigonadotrophic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
85. Antihyperglycemic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
86. Antihyperlipoproteinaemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
87. Antihypertensive — 1 compounds; TANNIN
88. Antileishmanic — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
89. Antileukemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
90. Antileukotriene-D4 — 1 compounds; OLEIC-ACID
91. Antilipolytic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
92. Antilithic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
93. Antilithic? — 1 compounds; CAMPHENE
94. Antilymphomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
95. Antimalarial — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
96. Antimelanomic — 1 compounds; BETA-IONONE
97. Antinephritic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
98. Antinitrosaminic — 1 compounds; MYRCENE
99. Antiobesity? — 1 compounds; INULIN
100. Antionychyotic — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
101. Antiosteoporotic? — 1 compounds; INULIN
102. Antiotitic — 1 compounds; ACETIC-ACID
103. Antioxalate — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
104. Antiperoxidant — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
105. Antiprogestational — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
106. Antiprostatadenomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
107. Antiprostatitic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
108. Antipyretic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
109. Antiradicular — 1 compounds; TANNIN
110. Antirenitic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
111. Antirheumatalgic — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE
112. Antirheumatic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
113. Antisalmonella — 1 compounds; ACETIC-ACID
114. Antistreptococcic — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
115. Antitumor (Breast) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
116. Antitumor (Lung) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
117. Antitumor-Promoter — 1 compounds; TANNIN
118. Antiurethrotic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
119. Antivaginitic — 1 compounds; ACETIC-ACID
120. Aphidifuge — 1 compounds; BETULIN
121. Bifidogenic — 1 compounds; INULIN
122. Calcium-Antagonist — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE
123. Carcinogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; TANNIN
124. Caspase-8-Inducer — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
125. Chelator — 1 compounds; TANNIN
126. Chemopreventive — 1 compounds; MYRCENE
127. Chemopreventive (Breast Cancer) — 1 compounds; INULIN
128. Chemopreventive (Colon Cancer) — 1 compounds; INULIN
129. Choleretic — 1 compounds; OLEIC-ACID
130. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
131. Cytochrome-P450-Inducer — 1 compounds; BETA-IONONE
132. Dermal — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
133. Diuretic — 1 compounds; FRIEDELIN
134. Emetic — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
135. Febrifuge — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
136. FPTase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
137. Gastroprotective — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
138. Gastrostimulant — 1 compounds; INULIN
139. Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
140. Gonadotrophic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
141. Hemolytic — 1 compounds; PALMITIC-ACID
142. Herbicide — 1 compounds; P-CYMENE
143. Hypercholesterolemic — 1 compounds; PALMITIC-ACID
144. Hyperthermic — 1 compounds; PHELLANDRENE
145. Hypocholesterolemic? — 1 compounds; CAMPHENE
146. Hypolipemic — 1 compounds; BETULIN
147. Hypolipidemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
148. Hypotensive — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
149. Hypothermic — 1 compounds; MYRCENE
150. Immunostimulant — 1 compounds; INULIN
151. Immunosuppressant — 1 compounds; TANNIN
152. Insecticide — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE
153. Insectiphile — 1 compounds; ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
154. Keratitigenic — 1 compounds; ACETIC-ACID
155. Larvicide — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
156. Lipolytic — 1 compounds; INULIN
157. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
158. Lubricant — 1 compounds; PALMITIC-ACID
159. MAO-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
160. Mosquitocide — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
161. Mucolytic — 1 compounds; ACETIC-ACID
162. Myorelaxant — 1 compounds; MYRCENE
163. Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
164. Osteolytic — 1 compounds; ACETIC-ACID
165. Ovulant — 1 compounds; STIGMASTEROL
166. P450-1A-Inducer — 1 compounds; ALPHA-IONONE
167. P450-2B-Inducer — 1 compounds; ALPHA-IONONE
168. P450-2B1-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; MYRCENE
169. P450-Inducer — 1 compounds; BETA-IONONE
170. Percutaneostimulant — 1 compounds; OLEIC-ACID
171. Perfume — 1 compounds; ALPHA-IONONE
172. Phytohormonal — 1 compounds; DEHYDROCOSTUS-LACTONE
173. Prebiotic — 1 compounds; INULIN
174. Probiotic — 1 compounds; INULIN
175. Probiotigenic — 1 compounds; INULIN
176. Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; BETULIN
177. Protisticide — 1 compounds; ACETIC-ACID
178. Psychotropic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
179. Schistosomicide — 1 compounds; COSTUNOLIDE
180. Soap — 1 compounds; PALMITIC-ACID
181. Termiticide — 1 compounds; CEDROL
182. Termitifuge — 1 compounds; CARYOPHYLLENE
183. TOPO-2-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
184. Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; BETULIN
185. Trematodicide — 1 compounds; COSTUNOLIDE
186. Tremorigenic — 1 compounds; ALPHA-IONONE
187. Tumor-Promoter — 1 compounds; PHELLANDRENE
188. Ubiquiot — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
189. VEGF-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; COSTUNOLIDE
190. Verrucolytic — 1 compounds; ACETIC-ACID
191. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN

Toxic compounds

• ALPHA-IONONE — Allergenic; Root
• ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE — Irritant; Root Essent. Oil
• BETA-IONONE — Allergenic; Root
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — Antimutagenic; Root; 250 ug/ml
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — Hepatoprotective; Root
• BETULIN — Anticarcinomic; Root
• BETULIN — Anticarcinomic; Root Essent. Oil
• BETULIN — Cytotoxic; Root; 600 ppm
• BETULIN — Cytotoxic; Root Essent. Oil; 600 ppm
• CARYOPHYLLENE — Allergenic; Root Essent. Oil
• CARYOPHYLLENE — Antidermatitic; Root Essent. Oil
• CARYOPHYLLENE — Irritant; Root Essent. Oil
• COSTUNOLIDE — Allergenic; Root
• COSTUNOLIDE — Antimutagenic; Root
• COSTUNOLIDE — Dermatitigenic; Root
• DEHYDROCOSTUS-LACTONE — Antimutagenic; Root
• LUPEOL — Cytotoxic; Plant; 50-500 ppm
• MYRCENE — Allergenic; Root Essent. Oil
• MYRCENE — Anticonvulsant; Root Essent. Oil
• MYRCENE — Antimutagenic; Root Essent. Oil
• MYRCENE — Irritant; Root Essent. Oil
• OLEIC-ACID — Allergenic; Root Essent. Oil
• OLEIC-ACID — Dermatitigenic; Root Essent. Oil
• OLEIC-ACID — Irritant; Root Essent. Oil
• P-CYMENE — Irritant; Root Essent. Oil
• PHELLANDRENE — Irritant; Root
• STIGMASTEROL — Antihepatotoxic; Root
• TANNIN — Antihepatotoxic; Root
• TANNIN — Antimutagenic; Root
• TANNIN — Carcinogenic; Root
• TANNIN — Hepatoprotective; Root