Verbena officinalis (Vervain)

Traditional uses

China

• Amenorrhea
• Deobstruent
• Diuretic
• Edema
• Emmenagogue
• Hepatitis
• Trauma
• Tumor
• Alexiteric
• Cirrhosis
• Depurative
• Dropsy
• Mastitis
• Decoagulant
• Hematocoele
• Nephritis
• Urogenital

Eurasia

• Astringent
• Diuretic
• Sore
• Diaphoretic
• Emmenagogue
• Skin
• Uterus
• Wound

Turkey

• Astringent
• Detersive
• Fever
• Lactogogue
• Scurvy
• Spasm
• Tonic
• Aphrodisiac
• Emetic
• Nervine
• Pertussis
• Diuretic
• Sudorific
• Vulnerary

Mexico

• Bilious
• Dropsy
• Tumor
• Tea
• Malaria

Sudan

• Bite(Snake)
• Rheumatism
• Rubefacient
• Scrofula
• Tonic
• Arthritis
• Fever

Africa

• Bronchitis
• Eczema

Elsewhere

• Fever
• Rheumatism
• Wound
• Dysmenorrhea
• Emmenagogue
• Astringent
• Rubefacient
• Womb

Italy(Tuscany)

• Gall-Bladder
• Liver

Kurdistan

• Lactogogue

Australia

• Poison

Brazil

• Tumor

Argentina

• Tumor(Throat)

Portugal*

• Vermifuge

Europe

• Fever
• Nerves
• Cold

Spain

• Liver

Indochina

• Tumor(Scrotum)

Iraq

• Aphrodisiac

Uk(Wales)

• Cancer

Lesotho

• Fuel

Japan

• Tumor

Sicily

• Polyp

Chemicals

Leaf

• ADENOSINE
• CAFFEIC-ACID — 10000
• BETA-CAROTENE

Plant

• ARTEMITIN
• CITRAL
• EO
• 5-HYDROXY-3,6,7,3',4'-PENTAMETHOXYFLAVONE
• MUCILAGE
• TANNIN
• URSOLIC-ACID
• VERBENALIN — 3000
• VERBENIN
• (+)-VERBENONE
• AUCUBIN
• HASTATOSIDE
• LUPEOL
• ALPHA-SITOSTEROL
• TERPENENE
• VERBENALOL

Flower

• EMULSIN
• INVERTIN
• VERBENALIN — 5000

Root

• STACHYOSE — 20000

Stem

• STACHYOSE — 13000

Activities

1. Antioxidant — 7 compounds; AUCUBIN, BETA-CAROTENE, CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL, LUPEOL, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
2. Antiinflammatory — 6 compounds; AUCUBIN, CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL, HASTATOSIDE, LUPEOL, URSOLIC-ACID
3. Antitumor — 6 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL, LUPEOL, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
4. Cancer-Preventive — 6 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL, MUCILAGE, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
5. Pesticide — 6 compounds; AUCUBIN, CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL, LUPEOL, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
6. Antibacterial — 5 compounds; AUCUBIN, CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
7. Anticancer — 5 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
8. Antiviral — 5 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL, LUPEOL, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
9. Analgesic — 4 compounds; ADENOSINE, CAFFEIC-ACID, HASTATOSIDE, URSOLIC-ACID
10. Antiedemic — 4 compounds; AUCUBIN, CAFFEIC-ACID, LUPEOL, URSOLIC-ACID
11. Antimutagenic — 4 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-CAROTENE, CAFFEIC-ACID, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
12. Antiulcer — 4 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, CITRAL, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
13. Cytotoxic — 4 compounds; toxic activity; CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL, LUPEOL, URSOLIC-ACID
14. Hepatoprotective — 4 compounds; toxic activity; AUCUBIN, CAFFEIC-ACID, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
15. Allergenic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-CAROTENE, CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL
16. Antihepatotoxic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; CAFFEIC-ACID, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
17. Antihistaminic — 3 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL, URSOLIC-ACID
18. AntiHIV — 3 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
19. Antileukemic — 3 compounds; AUCUBIN, CAFFEIC-ACID, URSOLIC-ACID
20. Antiperoxidant — 3 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, LUPEOL, URSOLIC-ACID
21. Antiradicular — 3 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, CAFFEIC-ACID, TANNIN
22. Antispasmodic — 3 compounds; ADENOSINE, CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL
23. Antistaphylococcic — 3 compounds; AUCUBIN, CAFFEIC-ACID, URSOLIC-ACID
24. Antitumor (Colon) — 3 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, CITRAL, URSOLIC-ACID
25. Antitumor-Promoter — 3 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
26. Carcinogenic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL, TANNIN
27. Chemopreventive — 3 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL
28. COX-2-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, CAFFEIC-ACID, URSOLIC-ACID
29. Diuretic — 3 compounds; AUCUBIN, CAFFEIC-ACID, URSOLIC-ACID
30. Hypotensive — 3 compounds; ADENOSINE, LUPEOL, URSOLIC-ACID
31. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
32. Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
33. Sedative — 3 compounds; ADENOSINE, CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL
34. Antiaggregant — 2 compounds; ADENOSINE, CAFFEIC-ACID
35. Antiaging — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, CAFFEIC-ACID
36. Antiarrhythmic — 2 compounds; ADENOSINE, URSOLIC-ACID
37. Antiarthritic — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, URSOLIC-ACID
38. Anticarcinomic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-CAROTENE, URSOLIC-ACID
39. Anticariogenic — 2 compounds; TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
40. AntiEBV — 2 compounds; LUPEOL, URSOLIC-ACID
41. Antiescherichic — 2 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, URSOLIC-ACID
42. Antiflu — 2 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, LUPEOL
43. Antiherpetic — 2 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL
44. Antihypertensive — 2 compounds; ADENOSINE, TANNIN
45. Antileishmanic — 2 compounds; CITRAL, URSOLIC-ACID
46. Antilipolytic — 2 compounds; ADENOSINE, TANNIN
47. Antimalarial — 2 compounds; LUPEOL, URSOLIC-ACID
48. Antinephritic — 2 compounds; TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
49. Antiophidic — 2 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, TANNIN
50. Antiproliferant — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, CAFFEIC-ACID
51. Antiprostaglandin — 2 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, LUPEOL
52. Antirheumatic — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, LUPEOL
53. Antiseptic — 2 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL
54. Antitumor (Breast) — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, URSOLIC-ACID
55. Antitumor (Lung) — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, URSOLIC-ACID
56. Antitumor (Skin) — 2 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL
57. Antitumor (Stomach) — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, URSOLIC-ACID
58. Anxiolytic — 2 compounds; ADENOSINE, CAFFEIC-ACID
59. Calcium-Antagonist — 2 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL
60. Candidicide — 2 compounds; AUCUBIN, URSOLIC-ACID
61. Cathartic — 2 compounds; AUCUBIN, VERBENALIN
62. Choleretic — 2 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, URSOLIC-ACID
63. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; TANNIN, URSOLIC-ACID
64. Fungicide — 2 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, CITRAL
65. Hypocholesterolemic — 2 compounds; ADENOSINE, MUCILAGE
66. Hypoglycemic — 2 compounds; ADENOSINE, URSOLIC-ACID
67. Immunomodulator — 2 compounds; ADENOSINE, URSOLIC-ACID
68. Immunostimulant — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, CAFFEIC-ACID
69. Lactagogue — 2 compounds; AUCUBIN, VERBENIN
70. Laxative — 2 compounds; ADENOSINE, AUCUBIN
71. Myorelaxant — 2 compounds; ADENOSINE, CITRAL
72. Prooxidant — 2 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE, CAFFEIC-ACID
73. TOPO-2-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; LUPEOL, URSOLIC-ACID
74. Trypanocide — 2 compounds; CITRAL, URSOLIC-ACID
75. Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID, TANNIN
76. Abortifacient — 1 compounds; toxic activity; VERBENALIN
77. Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
78. Androgenic? — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
79. Anthelmintic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
80. Antiacne — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
81. Antiadenoviral — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
82. Antiallergenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; CITRAL
83. Antiallergic — 1 compounds; CITRAL
84. Antialzheimeran — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
85. Antianaphylactic — 1 compounds; CITRAL
86. Antiangiogenic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
87. Antiasthmatic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
88. Antiatherogenic — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
89. Anticancer (Colon) — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
90. Anticarcinogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; CAFFEIC-ACID
91. Anticervicaldysplasic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
92. Anticholestatic — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
93. Anticomplement — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
94. Anticoronary — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
95. Antidepressant — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
96. Antidiabetic — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
97. Antidiarrheic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
98. Antidiuretic — 1 compounds; ADENOSINE
99. Antidote (Amanitin) — 1 compounds; AUCUBIN
100. Antidysenteric — 1 compounds; TANNIN
101. Antielastase — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
102. Antiendotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; ADENOSINE
103. Antifibrosarcomic — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
104. Antigonadotropic — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
105. Antihelicobacter — 1 compounds; CITRAL
106. Antihemolytic — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
107. Antihepatoadenomic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; CAFFEIC-ACID
108. Antihypercholesterolemic — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
109. Antihyperglycemic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
110. Antihyperkeratotic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
111. Antihyperlipidemic — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
112. Antihyperthyroid — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
113. Antiichythyotic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
114. Antiinsomniac — 1 compounds; ADENOSINE
115. AntiLegionella — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
116. Antileukoplakic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
117. Antileukotriene — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
118. Antilipoperoxidant — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
119. Antilithic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
120. Antilupus — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
121. Antilymphomic — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
122. Antimaculitic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
123. Antimastitic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
124. Antimelanogenic — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
125. Antimetastatic — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
126. Antinitrosaminic — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
127. Antiobesity? — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
128. Antioxalate — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
129. Antiozenic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
130. Antipapillomic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
131. Antiphotophobic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
132. Antipityriasic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
133. Antiplasmodial — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
134. AntiPMS — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
135. Antiporphyric — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
136. Antiprolactin — 1 compounds; AUCUBIN
137. Antiproliferative — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
138. Antipsoriac — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
139. Antirenitic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
140. Antishock — 1 compounds; CITRAL
141. Antistomatitic — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
142. Antistress — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
143. Antisunburn — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
144. Antitachycardic — 1 compounds; ADENOSINE
145. AntiTGF-beta — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
146. Antithiamin — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
147. Antithromboxane — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
148. Antithyroid — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
149. Antitrypanosomic — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
150. Antitumor (brain) — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
151. Antitumor (Cervix) — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
152. Antitumor (CNS) — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
153. Antitumor (Liver) — 1 compounds; CITRAL
154. Antitumor (Ovary) — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
155. Antitumor (Prostate) — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
156. Antiulcerogenic — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
157. Antiurethrotic — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
158. Antivaccinia — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
159. Antixerophthalmic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
160. Apoptotic — 1 compounds; CITRAL
161. Aromatase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
162. Arteriodilator — 1 compounds; ADENOSINE
163. Barbituate-Synergist — 1 compounds; CITRAL
164. Beta-Blocker — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
165. Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
166. Bronchorelaxant — 1 compounds; CITRAL
167. Cardioprotective — 1 compounds; toxic activity; URSOLIC-ACID
168. Cardiotonic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; URSOLIC-ACID
169. Caspase-3-Inducer — 1 compounds; CITRAL
170. Chelator — 1 compounds; TANNIN
171. Cholagogue — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
172. Clastogenic — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
173. CNS-Active — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
174. CNS-Depressant — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
175. CNS-Stimulant — 1 compounds; VERBENALIN
176. Co-carcinogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; CAFFEIC-ACID
177. Coagulant — 1 compounds; VERBENALIN
178. Collagen-Sparing — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
179. Collagenic — 1 compounds; AUCUBIN
180. Colorant — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
181. COX-1-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
182. Cytoprotective — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
183. Demulcent — 1 compounds; MUCILAGE
184. DNA-Active — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
185. DNA-Protective — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
186. Elastase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
187. Estrogenic — 1 compounds; CITRAL
188. Expectorant — 1 compounds; CITRAL
189. Flatugenic — 1 compounds; STACHYOSE
190. FLavor — 1 compounds; CITRAL
191. FPTase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; LUPEOL
192. Gastroprotective — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
193. Glaucomagenic — 1 compounds; CITRAL
194. Glucogonogenic — 1 compounds; ADENOSINE
195. Glucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
196. Glutathionigenic — 1 compounds; CITRAL
197. Hemostat — 1 compounds; VERBENIN
198. Hepatocarcinogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; CAFFEIC-ACID
199. Hepatotropic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; CAFFEIC-ACID
200. Herbicide — 1 compounds; CITRAL
201. Histamine-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
202. Immunosuppressant — 1 compounds; TANNIN
203. Insectifuge — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
204. Insulinic — 1 compounds; ADENOSINE
205. Interferon-Synergist — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
206. Leucocytogenic — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
207. Leukotriene-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
208. Lipolytic — 1 compounds; ADENOSINE
209. Lyase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
210. MAO-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; TANNIN
211. Metal-Chelator — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
212. MMP-9-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
213. Mucogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
214. Nematicide — 1 compounds; CITRAL
215. Neurostimulant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; VERBENIN
216. NF-kB-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; CITRAL
217. NO-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; CITRAL
218. P450-2B1-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; CITRAL
219. PAF-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; ADENOSINE
220. Paralytic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; AUCUBIN
221. Parasympathicomimetic — 1 compounds; VERBENALIN
222. Parasympathomimetic — 1 compounds; HASTATOSIDE
223. Perfumery — 1 compounds; CITRAL
224. Phagocytotic — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
225. Piscicide — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
226. Potassium-Sparing — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
227. Prostaglandigenic — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
228. Prostatitigenic — 1 compounds; CITRAL
229. Protease-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
230. Protisticide — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
231. Psychotropic — 1 compounds; TANNIN
232. Purgative — 1 compounds; VERBENALIN
233. Pyrogenic — 1 compounds; ADENOSINE
234. Quinone-Reductase-Inducer — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
235. Respirastimulant — 1 compounds; ADENOSINE
236. RNA-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; AUCUBIN
237. Secretomotor — 1 compounds; ADENOSINE
238. Sodium-Sparing — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
239. Sunscreen — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
240. Teratogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; CITRAL
241. Thymoprotective — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
242. Trichomonicide — 1 compounds; CITRAL
243. Tumorigenic — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID
244. Tyrosinase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; CITRAL
245. Ubiquiot — 1 compounds; BETA-CAROTENE
246. Uricosuric — 1 compounds; AUCUBIN
247. Uterotonic — 1 compounds; VERBENALIN
248. Vasodilator — 1 compounds; ADENOSINE
249. Vasopressor — 1 compounds; URSOLIC-ACID
250. Vulnerary — 1 compounds; CAFFEIC-ACID

Toxic compounds

• ADENOSINE — Antiendotoxic; Leaf; 500 mg/kg ipr mus
• AUCUBIN — Hepatoprotective; Plant
• AUCUBIN — Paralytic; Plant
• BETA-CAROTENE — Allergenic; Leaf
• BETA-CAROTENE — Anticarcinomic; Leaf
• BETA-CAROTENE — Antimutagenic; Leaf
• CAFFEIC-ACID — Allergenic; Leaf
• CAFFEIC-ACID — Anticarcinogenic; Leaf
• CAFFEIC-ACID — Antihepatoadenomic; Leaf; 200 ppm diet orl mus
• CAFFEIC-ACID — Antihepatotoxic; Leaf
• CAFFEIC-ACID — Antimutagenic; Leaf
• CAFFEIC-ACID — Carcinogenic; Leaf; 2% (diet)
• CAFFEIC-ACID — Co-carcinogenic; Leaf
• CAFFEIC-ACID — Cytotoxic; Leaf; TC50=200 ug/ml
• CAFFEIC-ACID — Hepatocarcinogenic; Leaf; 400 ppm diet orl mus (in the absence of alcohol)
• CAFFEIC-ACID — Hepatoprotective; Leaf
• CAFFEIC-ACID — Hepatotropic; Leaf
• CITRAL — Allergenic; Plant
• CITRAL — Antiallergenic; Plant
• CITRAL — Carcinogenic; Plant
• CITRAL — Cytotoxic; Plant
• CITRAL — Teratogenic; Plant
• LUPEOL — Cytotoxic; Plant; 50-500 ppm
• TANNIN — Antihepatotoxic; Plant
• TANNIN — Antimutagenic; Plant
• TANNIN — Carcinogenic; Plant
• TANNIN — Hepatoprotective; Plant
• URSOLIC-ACID — Anticarcinomic; Plant
• URSOLIC-ACID — Antihepatotoxic; Plant; 5-20 mg/kg ipr
• URSOLIC-ACID — Antimutagenic; Plant; IC57-80=80 mg/kg
• URSOLIC-ACID — Cardioprotective; Plant
• URSOLIC-ACID — Cardiotonic; Plant
• URSOLIC-ACID — Cytotoxic; Plant; 50 ppm
• URSOLIC-ACID — Hepatoprotective; Plant; 1-100 ug/ml
• VERBENALIN — Abortifacient; Flower
• VERBENALIN — Abortifacient; Plant
• VERBENIN — Neurostimulant; Plant