Zanthoxylum americanum (Northern Prickly Ash)

Traditional uses

US(Amerindian)

• Colic
• Poultice
• Rheumatism
• Sore
• Ache(Tooth)
• Gonorrhea
• Suppurative
• Wound

US(Appalachia)

• Colic
• Medicine
• Ache(Tooth)

US

• Cough
• Rheumatism
• Sialogogue
• Spasm
• Stomatitis
• Sudorific
• Tonic
• Ache(Tooth)
• Cancer
• Expectorant

Mexico

• Stimulant

Chemicals

Bark

• ALLOXANTHOXYLETIN
• TAMBETARINE
• XAMTHOXYLETIN
• MAGNOFLORINE
• RESINS
• TANNINS
• BETA-FAGARINE
• NITIDINE
• CHELERYTHRINE
• XANTHYLETIN
• SKIMMIANINE
• CANDICINE
• LAURIFOLINE
• TEMBETARINE
• XANTHOXYLETIN

Plant

• BERBERINE
• HERCLAVINE
• O-METHYLTYRAMINE-N-METHYL-CINNAMIDE
• XANTHOXYLIN
• NITIDINE
• XANTHOXYLETIN

Root Bark

• CANDICINE
• CHELERYTHRINE
• (+)-LAURIFOLINE
• MAGNOFLORINE
• BETA-SITOSTEROL
• TEMBETARINE
• XANTHOXYLETIN
• ALLOXANTHOXYLETIN
• XANTHYLETIN
• 8-(3,3-DIMETHYLALLYL)ALLOXANTHOXYLETIN
• LAURIFOLINE
• NITIDINE

Stem Bark

• CANDICINE
• LAURIFOLINE
• (+)-LAURIFOLINE
• MAGNOFLORINE
• TEMBETARINE
• XANTHOXYLETIN
• ALLOXANTHOXYLETIN
• XANTHYLETIN

Fruit

• CNIDILIN — 3 to 12.5
• IMPERATORIN — 5 to 19
• ISOIMPERATORIN — 3 to 12.5
• PSORALEN — 4 to 15
• XANTHOTOXIN — 7 to 25

Leaf

• GAMMA-FAGARINE
• SKIMMIANINE

Root

• LAURIFOLINE

Activities

1. Pesticide — 8 compounds; BERBERINE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CHELERYTHRINE, ISOIMPERATORIN, MAGNOFLORINE, PSORALEN, SKIMMIANINE, XANTHOTOXIN
2. Antibacterial — 5 compounds; BERBERINE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CHELERYTHRINE, MAGNOFLORINE, XANTHOTOXIN
3. Antiinflammatory — 5 compounds; BERBERINE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CHELERYTHRINE, IMPERATORIN, XANTHOTOXIN
4. Antimitotic — 5 compounds; BERBERINE, CHELERYTHRINE, IMPERATORIN, PSORALEN, XANTHOTOXIN
5. Antispasmodic — 5 compounds; BERBERINE, MAGNOFLORINE, PSORALEN, SKIMMIANINE, XANTHOTOXIN
6. Calcium-Antagonist — 5 compounds; BERBERINE, IMPERATORIN, ISOIMPERATORIN, PSORALEN, XANTHOTOXIN
7. Anticonvulsant — 4 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE, IMPERATORIN, SKIMMIANINE, XANTHOXYLETIN
8. Antimutagenic — 4 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-SITOSTEROL, IMPERATORIN, PSORALEN, XANTHOTOXIN
9. Antitumor — 4 compounds; CHELERYTHRINE, NITIDINE, PSORALEN, XANTHOXYLIN
10. Antitumor-Promoter — 4 compounds; IMPERATORIN, ISOIMPERATORIN, PSORALEN, XANTHOTOXIN
11. Antiviral — 4 compounds; BERBERINE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CHELERYTHRINE, PSORALEN
12. Artemicide — 4 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, ISOIMPERATORIN, PSORALEN, XANTHOTOXIN
13. Cancer-Preventive — 4 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, IMPERATORIN, PSORALEN, XANTHOTOXIN
14. Candidicide — 4 compounds; BERBERINE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, CHELERYTHRINE, SKIMMIANINE
15. Cytotoxic — 4 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE, CHELERYTHRINE, PSORALEN, XANTHOTOXIN
16. Fungicide — 4 compounds; BERBERINE, CHELERYTHRINE, PSORALEN, XANTHOTOXIN
17. Hypotensive — 4 compounds; BERBERINE, CHELERYTHRINE, MAGNOFLORINE, PSORALEN
18. Analgesic — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, CHELERYTHRINE, SKIMMIANINE
19. Antiaggregant — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, CHELERYTHRINE, IMPERATORIN
20. Antifeedant — 3 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, XANTHOTOXIN, XANTHOXYLIN
21. Antipyretic — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, BETA-SITOSTEROL, SKIMMIANINE
22. Cytotoxic (Breast) — 3 compounds; toxic activity; ISOIMPERATORIN, PSORALEN, XANTHOTOXIN
23. Cytotoxic (Colon) — 3 compounds; toxic activity; ISOIMPERATORIN, PSORALEN, XANTHOTOXIN
24. DME-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; IMPERATORIN, ISOIMPERATORIN, XANTHYLETIN
25. Hepatoprotective — 3 compounds; toxic activity; BETA-SITOSTEROL, IMPERATORIN, XANTHOTOXIN
26. Hypertensive — 3 compounds; CANDICINE, CHELERYTHRINE, SKIMMIANINE
27. Molluscicide — 3 compounds; CHELERYTHRINE, IMPERATORIN, XANTHOTOXIN
28. Phototoxic — 3 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE, PSORALEN, SKIMMIANINE
29. Sedative — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, IMPERATORIN, SKIMMIANINE
30. Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, NITIDINE, PSORALEN
31. Vasodilator — 3 compounds; BERBERINE, MAGNOFLORINE, SKIMMIANINE
32. Abortifacient — 2 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE, SKIMMIANINE
33. Antiacetylcholinesterase — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, CHELERYTHRINE
34. Antiaflatoxin — 2 compounds; IMPERATORIN, XANTHOTOXIN
35. Antiedemic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, BETA-SITOSTEROL
36. Antihistaminic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, XANTHOTOXIN
37. Antileukemic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, NITIDINE
38. Antileukodermic — 2 compounds; IMPERATORIN, PSORALEN
39. Antilymphomic — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, XANTHOTOXIN
40. Antimalarial — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, SKIMMIANINE
41. Antimycotic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, XANTHOTOXIN
42. Antineoplastic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, CHELERYTHRINE
43. Antiprostaglandin — 2 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL, XANTHOXYLIN
44. Antipsoriac — 2 compounds; PSORALEN, XANTHOTOXIN
45. Antiseptic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, CHELERYTHRINE
46. Antitubercular — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, PSORALEN
47. Antivitiligic — 2 compounds; IMPERATORIN, XANTHOTOXIN
48. Bufocide — 2 compounds; IMPERATORIN, XANTHOTOXIN
49. CNS-Depressant — 2 compounds; MAGNOFLORINE, SKIMMIANINE
50. Cytochrome-P450-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; IMPERATORIN, ISOIMPERATORIN
51. Cytotoxic (Lung) — 2 compounds; toxic activity; PSORALEN, XANTHOTOXIN
52. Emetic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, XANTHOTOXIN
53. Hypocholesterolemic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, BETA-SITOSTEROL
54. Hypoglycemic — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, BETA-SITOSTEROL
55. Immunostimulant — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, CHELERYTHRINE
56. Insecticide — 2 compounds; PSORALEN, XANTHOTOXIN
57. Lipase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, CHELERYTHRINE
58. Lipolytic — 2 compounds; IMPERATORIN, XANTHOTOXIN
59. Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, XANTHOXYLIN
60. Mutagenic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE, PSORALEN
61. Myorelaxant — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, SKIMMIANINE
62. Paralytic — 2 compounds; toxic activity; CHELERYTHRINE, MAGNOFLORINE
63. Phytoalexin — 2 compounds; PSORALEN, XANTHOTOXIN
64. Piscicide — 2 compounds; IMPERATORIN, XANTHOTOXIN
65. Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor — 2 compounds; CHELERYTHRINE, NITIDINE
66. Uterocontractant — 2 compounds; BERBERINE, SKIMMIANINE
67. (+)-Inotropic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
68. 12-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; CHELERYTHRINE
69. 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; CHELERYTHRINE
70. Adrenolytic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
71. Adrenostimulant — 1 compounds; SKIMMIANINE
72. Amebicide — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
73. Androgenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
74. Anesthetic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
75. Angiogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
76. Anorexic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
77. Antiacne — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
78. Antiadenomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
79. Antiadrenergic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
80. Antialopecic — 1 compounds; IMPERATORIN
81. Antialzheimeran — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
82. Antiamnesic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
83. Antiandrogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
84. Antiangiogenic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
85. Antiarrhythmic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
86. Antiarthritic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
87. Antibacillus — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
88. Antibiotic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
89. Anticancer — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
90. Anticancer (Breast) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
91. Anticancer (Cervix) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
92. Anticancer (Lung) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
93. Anticariogenic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
94. Antichlamydial — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
95. Anticholecystitic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
96. Anticholera — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
97. Anticirrhotic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
98. Anticonjunctivitic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
99. Antidepressant — 1 compounds; PSORALEN
100. Antidermatitic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; XANTHOTOXIN
101. Antidiarrheic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
102. Antidiuretic — 1 compounds; SKIMMIANINE
103. Antidysenteric — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
104. Antiendotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
105. Antienterotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
106. Antiesherichic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
107. Antiestrogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
108. Antifertility — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
109. Antigiardial — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
110. Antiglaucomic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
111. Antigonadotrophic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
112. Antigonorrhea — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
113. Antihepatomic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
114. Antihepatotic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
115. Antiherpetic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
116. Antihyperlipoproteinaemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
117. Antiischemic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
118. Antikeratotic — 1 compounds; XANTHOTOXIN
119. Antileishmanic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
120. Antileucodermic — 1 compounds; XANTHOTOXIN
121. Antilipogenic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
122. Antimuscarinic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
123. Antimyalgic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
124. Antinephritic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
125. Antineuromuscular — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MAGNOFLORINE
126. Antiophidic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
127. Antioxidant — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
128. Antiperistaltic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
129. Antipharyngitic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
130. Antiphotooxidative — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
131. Antipityriasic — 1 compounds; XANTHOTOXIN
132. Antiplasmodial — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
133. Antiplatelet — 1 compounds; IMPERATORIN
134. Antipneumonic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
135. Antiprogestational — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
136. Antiprostatadenomic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
137. Antiprostatitic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
138. Antipruritic — 1 compounds; XANTHOTOXIN
139. Antisalmonella — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
140. Antiscleromyxoedemic — 1 compounds; XANTHOTOXIN
141. Antisecretory — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
142. Antishigellic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
143. Antispermigenic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
144. Antistaphylococcic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
145. Antistrep — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
146. Antisyphilitic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
147. Antitrachomic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
148. Antitrypanosomic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
149. Antitumor (brain) — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
150. Antitumor (Breast) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
151. Antitumor (Cervix) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
152. Antitumor (Lung) — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
153. Antitussive — 1 compounds; CHELERYTHRINE
154. Antiulcer — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
155. Antivaginitic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
156. Apoptotic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
157. Astringent — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
158. Bacteriophagicide — 1 compounds; PSORALEN
159. Bilirubinolytic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
160. Cardiodepressant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
161. Cardiotonic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
162. Carminative — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
163. Caspase-8-Inducer — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
164. Cholagogue — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
165. Cholekinetic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
166. Choleretic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
167. CNS-Stimulant — 1 compounds; SKIMMIANINE
168. Collyrium — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
169. Contraceptive — 1 compounds; PSORALEN
170. COX-2-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
171. Curare — 1 compounds; CANDICINE
172. Curaroid — 1 compounds; MAGNOFLORINE
173. Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
174. Dermatitigenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; XANTHOTOXIN
175. Digestive — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
176. Diuretic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
177. DNA-Intercalator — 1 compounds; CHELERYTHRINE
178. Ecbolic — 1 compounds; SKIMMIANINE
179. Epileptigenic — 1 compounds; CANDICINE
180. Estrogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
181. Febrifuge — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
182. Fungistat — 1 compounds; XANTHOTOXIN
183. Genotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; PSORALEN
184. Glaucomagenic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
185. Gonadotrophic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
186. Gram(-)icide — 1 compounds; CHELERYTHRINE
187. Gram(+)icide — 1 compounds; CHELERYTHRINE
188. Hemostat — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
189. Hepatotoxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; IMPERATORIN
190. Herbicide — 1 compounds; XANTHOTOXIN
191. Hypertrichotic — 1 compounds; XANTHOTOXIN
192. Hypolipidemic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
193. Hypothermic — 1 compounds; SKIMMIANINE
194. Irritant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; CHELERYTHRINE
195. Lachrymatory — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
196. Larvicide — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
197. Leucocytogenic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
198. MAO-A-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; PSORALEN
199. MAO-B-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; PSORALEN
200. Mycobactericide — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
201. Mydriatic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
202. Myocardiodepressant — 1 compounds; toxic activity; BERBERINE
203. Myotonic — 1 compounds; SKIMMIANINE
204. Nematicide — 1 compounds; CHELERYTHRINE
205. Nicotinic — 1 compounds; CANDICINE
206. Occulotensive — 1 compounds; CHELERYTHRINE
207. PAF-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; MAGNOFLORINE
208. Photocarcinogenic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; PSORALEN
209. Plasmodicide — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
210. Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
211. Protisticide — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
212. Respiradepressant — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
213. Respirainhibitor — 1 compounds; CHELERYTHRINE
214. Reverse-Transcriptase-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; NITIDINE
215. RNA-Depressant — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
216. RT-Inhibitor — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
217. Spermicide — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
218. Stomachic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
219. Tetanic — 1 compounds; CHELERYTHRINE
220. Toxic — 1 compounds; toxic activity; MAGNOFLORINE
221. Trichomonicide — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
222. Trypanocide — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
223. Ubiquiot — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
224. Ulcerogenic — 1 compounds; BETA-SITOSTEROL
225. Uterotonic — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
226. Vagostimulant — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
227. Vasoconstrictor — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
228. Vermifuge — 1 compounds; BERBERINE
229. Vibriofuge — 1 compounds; BERBERINE

Toxic compounds

• BERBERINE — Abortifacient; Plant
• BERBERINE — Anticonvulsant; Plant
• BERBERINE — Antiendotoxic; Plant
• BERBERINE — Antienterotoxic; Plant
• BERBERINE — Antihepatomic; Plant
• BERBERINE — Antihepatotic; Plant
• BERBERINE — Cardiodepressant; Plant
• BERBERINE — Cardiotonic; Plant
• BERBERINE — Cytotoxic; Plant
• BERBERINE — Mutagenic; Plant
• BERBERINE — Myocardiodepressant; Plant
• BERBERINE — Phototoxic; Plant; 9 ppm
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — Antimutagenic; Root Bark; 250 ug/ml
• BETA-SITOSTEROL — Hepatoprotective; Root Bark
• CHELERYTHRINE — Cytotoxic; Bark
• CHELERYTHRINE — Cytotoxic; Root Bark
• CHELERYTHRINE — Irritant; Bark
• CHELERYTHRINE — Irritant; Root Bark
• CHELERYTHRINE — Paralytic; Bark
• CHELERYTHRINE — Paralytic; Root Bark
• IMPERATORIN — Anticonvulsant; Fruit
• IMPERATORIN — Antimutagenic; Fruit
• IMPERATORIN — Hepatoprotective; Fruit; IC50=2.66 uM
• IMPERATORIN — Hepatotoxic; Fruit
• ISOIMPERATORIN — Cytotoxic (Breast); Fruit; ED50=6.56 ug/ml
• ISOIMPERATORIN — Cytotoxic (Colon); Fruit; ED50=>10 ug/ml
• MAGNOFLORINE — Antineuromuscular; Bark; ED50=10 mg/kg
• MAGNOFLORINE — Antineuromuscular; Root Bark; ED50=10 mg/kg
• MAGNOFLORINE — Antineuromuscular; Stem Bark; ED50=10 mg/kg
• MAGNOFLORINE — Paralytic; Bark
• MAGNOFLORINE — Paralytic; Root Bark
• MAGNOFLORINE — Paralytic; Stem Bark
• MAGNOFLORINE — Toxic; Bark
• MAGNOFLORINE — Toxic; Root Bark
• MAGNOFLORINE — Toxic; Stem Bark
• PSORALEN — Antimutagenic; Fruit
• PSORALEN — Cytotoxic; Fruit; ED50=2-30 ug/ml
• PSORALEN — Cytotoxic (Breast); Fruit; ED50=2.21 ug/ml
• PSORALEN — Cytotoxic (Colon); Fruit; ED50=26.84 ug/ml
• PSORALEN — Cytotoxic (Lung); Fruit; ED50=30.38 ug/ml
• PSORALEN — Genotoxic; Fruit
• PSORALEN — Mutagenic; Fruit
• PSORALEN — Photocarcinogenic; Fruit
• PSORALEN — Phototoxic; Fruit
• SKIMMIANINE — Abortifacient; Bark
• SKIMMIANINE — Abortifacient; Leaf
• SKIMMIANINE — Anticonvulsant; Bark
• SKIMMIANINE — Anticonvulsant; Leaf
• SKIMMIANINE — Phototoxic; Bark
• SKIMMIANINE — Phototoxic; Leaf
• XANTHOTOXIN — Antidermatitic; Fruit
• XANTHOTOXIN — Antimutagenic; Fruit
• XANTHOTOXIN — Cytotoxic; Fruit; ED50=7-29 ug/ml
• XANTHOTOXIN — Cytotoxic (Breast); Fruit; ED50=7.21 ug/ml
• XANTHOTOXIN — Cytotoxic (Colon); Fruit; ED50=29.46 ug/ml
• XANTHOTOXIN — Cytotoxic (Lung); Fruit; ED50=28.99 ug/ml
• XANTHOTOXIN — Dermatitigenic; Fruit
• XANTHOTOXIN — Hepatoprotective; Fruit; IC50=2.5 uM
• XANTHOXYLETIN — Anticonvulsant; Bark
• XANTHOXYLETIN — Anticonvulsant; Plant
• XANTHOXYLETIN — Anticonvulsant; Root Bark
• XANTHOXYLETIN — Anticonvulsant; Stem Bark